祁连山南部地区三叠纪弧后前陆盆地——基于沉积填充与大地构造的证据

本文通过对祁连山南部地区三叠纪沉积充填特征的研究,建立了盆地形成过程中沉积充填与区域构造演化的关联。依据沉积充填特征、构造接触关系及区域地质背景,认为祁连山南部地区三叠纪盆地具有弧后前陆盆地的构造属性;综合分析年代学、沉积物性和盆地内部填充单元的差异划分出与柴达木岛弧带和祁连山南部弧后前陆盆地相关的区域大地构造单元。认为早三叠世-中三叠世中期,南部遭受俯冲作用持续向北挤压推覆导致盆地挠曲沉降;中三叠世中期-晚三叠世中期发生弧(东昆仑-柴北缘)-陆(巴颜喀拉地块)碰撞,祁连山南部盆地挠曲沉降增大,其间形成区域性断裂和不整合等盆地记录的地质事件;晚三叠世晚期祁连山南部盆地发生过补偿陆相填充,弧后前陆盆地消亡。     

重视和加强岩矿物性的测量研究

本文从物探科学技术的进步,勘查任务的发展变化、物探方法应用范畴的扩大和物性勘探等几个方面,论述了岩石和矿物物理性质测量、研究的重要性,指出：物性工作不可能毕其功于一役,并提出了五点建议：１．深入研究各类矿藏及其围岩（直至地面）物性的空间变化规律,为选择、研究合适的物探方法,提高物探效果,进一步探讨“直接”找矿问题,提供依据;２．这项工作可专门进行,但最好尽可能利用为其他目的而设计的钻井进行;３．物     

声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用

随着地震预报研究的开展,岩石力学与地震预报的联系越来越紧密。声发射技术是岩石力学研究中十分重要的工具之一。本文对声发射技术作了简单的介绍,评述了它在岩石力学研究中的应用,介绍了用声发射技术研究地震序列和破裂机制的一些结果。     

岩石破裂与氡含量变化关系的实验研究

为探索氡含量的变化能否视作地震前兆,作者进行了岩石破裂与氡含量变化关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明,可以认为岩石破裂是引起地震之前氡含量异常的原因之一。文末,根据实验结果对在地震区某些实际观测中的问题进行了初步讨论。     

内蒙古正镶白旗碎斑熔岩岩石学特征及其岩相划分

白旗碎斑熔岩为不规则穹状体,可分为边缘玻质碎斑熔岩、过渡霏细碎斑熔岩、中心粒状碎斑熔岩和根部花岗斑岩四个岩性带。从玻质碎斑熔岩到粒状碎斑熔岩,斑晶碎裂度逐渐减弱,珠边结构在粒状碎斑熔岩中最发育,根部花岗斑岩与正常次火山岩相近。碎斑熔岩中钾长石有序度低,指示了岩石高温成因特征。白旌碎斑熔岩属太平洋岩系钙碱质系列,原始岩浆由来源于上地幔和下地壳熔体的混熔作用形成。     

东天山十里坡地区自然铜矿化的地质特征及成因初步分析

东天山十里坡自然铜矿化主要赋存于马头滩组第一段玄武岩夹层中的蚀变凝灰岩中，硅化、绿帘石化、黝帘石化、绿泥石化、沸石化与自然铜矿化关系密切。初步分析认为东天山十里坡自然铜矿化与同生火山热液作用有关，形成于伸展的构造背景，矿化时代可能为二叠纪，成矿特征与滇黔边境峨嵋玄武岩自然铜矿化具有相似性。     

含金剪切带蚀变特征及其与金成矿的关系——以新疆天格尔金矿带为例

含金剪切带剪切变形过程中构造、流体-岩石相互作用导致系统内组分的迁移和再分配，这些过程控制着含金剪切带内蚀变特征及其金的成矿作用。在含金剪切带脆-韧性变形域内，成矿层次从深到浅矿石类型由蚀变糜棱岩型向石英脉型过渡，矿床成因类型由韧性剪切带型向蚀变破碎带型过渡，是主期剪切成岩成矿过程中不同时空演化阶段的产物。     

同位素地球化学、岩石地球化学——密坑山锡矿同位素年代学研究的启示

密坑山锡矿田位于江西省会昌县西南约40km处。该区为一晚中生代破火山，火山岩为上侏罗统鸡笼嶂组流纹质凝灰熔岩及火山碎屑岩，火山口周围环状及放射状断裂发育，火山口中心为浅成相的密坑山似斑状钾长花岗岩中央岩株侵入体所充填。上世纪80年代以来，在该岩体与流纹质凝灰熔岩的内外接触带相继发现了岩背、淘锡坝、苦竹岽、矿背、上湾等一批大、中型锡多金属矿床或矿点，表明这一岩体对成矿具有重要的制约作用。     

Mobility of heavy metals from tailings to stream waters in local zinc smelting activities contaminated site

It has been found that stream waters were severely contaminated with wastes from a long-time smelting factory in Hezhang, Guizhou, China. The main sources of contamination are the smelting wastes stored in the open air and abandoned in the vicinity of stream. A method of lead isotope was adopted in order to identify relations between tailings and water contamination. Representative samples of tailings and stream sediments were collected. Mineralogical characterizations were conducted using XRD and TEM/SEM, while acid digestion was carried out for determining metal contents. BCR sequential leaching tests were performed in order to assess metal mobility. The tremendous ‘actual＇ and ‘potential＇ mobility of heavy metals indicates that the smelting waste and stream sediments present a considerable threat to the environment. Besides the chemical remobilization of heavy metals from the sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. Also groundwater and stream water were sampled in specific locations and were measured.     

Analysis of the effect of geology, soil properties, and land use on groundwater quality using multivariate statistical and GIS methods

The regional survey of groundwater used as a small water supply system was performed to know the effect of geology, soil properties and land use on groundwater quality at Nonsan City, Korea. A total of 126 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed at the study area. The multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis and discriminant analysis, and GIS technique were used for the quantitative interpretation of groundwater quality. The study area is mainly composed of Precambrian gneiss, Jurassic granite, and Cretaceous volcanics, and metasedimentary rocks of the Ogcheon zone. The land use was grouped as paddy, upland, grassland, resident, point source, industrial area, and water system. The soil properties were classified as 4 major groups, Entisols, Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols, by the degree of development, and reclassified as 11 subgroups. The modified and simplified geologic map, soil map, and land use map were made by using ARCGIS soft-ware. The area of geology, soil property, and land use affecting the groundwater quality for each well were also calculated by ARCGIS soft-ware to acquire the quantitative parameters for multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring results of groundwater in the study area showed that 13%-21% of the groundwater samples exceeded the portable water guideline and the main causes were turbidity, bacteria, arsenic and nitrate-N. The spatial distribution of each component showed the close relationship between groundwater quality and geology reflecting the topography, land use.