GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS IN JINCHUAN SUPER-LARGE SULFIDE COPPER-NICKEL DEPOSIT, JINCHANG CITY, GANSU PROVINCE, CHINA

The platinum-group element geochemistry of rocks and ores from Jinchuan super-large copper-nickel sulfide deposit is systemically studied in this paper. The Cu/Pd mean ratio of Jinchuan intrusion is lower than that of original mantle magma, which indicates that these ultrabasic rocks were crystallized from magma that lost Pd in the form of melting segregation of sulfides. The PGE of the rocks show trend of partial melting, similar to that of mantle peridotite, which shows that magma formation occurs during rock-forming and ore-forming processes. The chondrite normalized PGE patterns of the rocks and ores are well related to each other, which signifies the signatures of multi-episode magmatic intrusion, melting and differentiation in the formation processes of rocks and ores. In addition, analyses about the relation between PGE and S, and study on Re-Os isotopes indicate that few contamination of the crustal substances occurred during the magmatic intrusion and the formation of deposit. However, contamination by crustal substances helps to supply part of the S for the enrichment of PGE. Meanwhile, the hydrothermal process is also advantageous for the enrichment of PGE, especially lbr Pt and Pd, due to deep melting segregation. The characteristic parameters （such as Pt/（Pt＋Pd）, （Pt＋Pd）/（Ru＋Ir＋Os）, Pd/Ir, Cu/（Ni＋Cu）, and so on.） for platinum-group elements for Jinchuan sulfide copper-nickel deposit show the same features as those for sulfide copper-nickel deposit related to basic magma, which also illustrates its original magma property representative of Mg-high tholeiite. Therefore, it is the marie （not ultramafic） magma that resulted in the formation of the superlarge sulfide copper-nickel deposit enriched in Cu and PGE. To sum up, the geochemical characteristics of platinum-group elements in rocks and ores from Jinchuan copper-nickel sulfide deposit are constrained by the continental rift tectonic environment, the parent magma features, the enriched mantel magma source, the complex metallogenesis and PGE geochemical signatures, and this would be rather significant for the study about the genetic mechanism of copper-nickel sulfide deposits.     

Timing of Magma Mixing in the Gangdisě Magmatic Belt during the India-Asia Collision： Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb Dating

Abstract  Abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) extensively distribute in granitoids in the Gangdisê giant magmatic belt, within which the Qüxü batholith is the most typical MME‐bearing pluton. Systematic sampling for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro nearby at two locations in the Qüxü batholith, and subsequent zircon SHRIMP II U‐Pb dating have been conducted. Two sets of isotopic ages for granodioritic host rock, mafic microgranular enclaves and gabbro are 50.4±1.3 Ma, 51.2±1.1 Ma, 47.0±1 Ma and 49.3±1.7 Ma, 48.9±1.1 Ma, 49.9±1.7 Ma, respectively. It thus rules out the possibilities of mafic microgranular enclaves being refractory residues after partial melting of magma source region, or being xenoliths of country rocks or later intrusions. Therefore, it is believed that the three types of rocks mentioned above likely formed in the same magmatic event, i.e., they formed by magma mixing in the Eocene (c. 50 Ma). Compositionally, granitoid host rocks incline towards acidic end member involved in magma mixing, gabbros are akin to basic end member and mafic microgranular enclaves are the incompletely mixed basic magma clots trapped in acidic magma. The isotopic dating also suggested that huge‐scale magma mixing in the Gangdisê belt took place 15–20 million years after the initiation of the India‐Asia continental collision, genetically related to the underplating of subduction‐collision‐induced basic magma at the base of the continental crust. Underplating and magma mixing were likely the main process of mass‐energy exchange between the mantle and the crust during the continental collision, and greatly contributed to the accretion of the continental crust, the evolution of the lithosphere and related mineralization beneath the portion of the Tibetan Plateau to the north of the collision zone.     

南美安第斯地区成矿区带划分探讨

南美安第斯成矿带是世界上最著名的Cu、Au、多金属巨型成矿带,产有一系列大型-超大型Cu、Au、多金属矿床,是目前世界上最重要的找矿投资热点地区之一。文章在系统收集资料和综合研究的基础上,依据安第斯成矿带的基底组成、构造_岩浆演化、板块俯冲形式、成矿作用以及主要成矿类型的差异,将安第斯地区自北而南划分为3个Ⅱ级成矿省和14个Ⅲ级成矿带,并对各成矿区带的地质与成矿特征进行了概要阐述,为安第斯地区区域成矿规律研究提供了基础,也为中国企业在该地区的矿产勘查、开发投资提供了指导信息。     

华北克拉通乌拉山地区早前寒武纪岩浆作用和变质作用——锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究

乌拉山地区位于大青山地区西侧,变泥砂质岩石大范围出露,并有一定数量变质岩浆侵入岩存在。本文对6个变质岩浆侵入岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年。片麻状闪长岩、片麻状英云闪长岩、片麻状花岗闪长岩和片麻状紫苏花岗岩等4个样品的锆石U-Pb数据点沿谐和线分散分布,n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(206)Pb)年龄从约2.5Ga到约1.8 Ga。变质辉长岩和眼球状石英二长岩锆石U-Pb数据点在谐和线上较集中分布,n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(206)Pb)年龄从约2.0Ga到约1.8 Ga。n(~(207)Pb)/n(~(206)Pb)年龄越小的锆石域通常显示越强烈的重结晶。结合已有研究和地球化学资料,可得出如下结论。(1)乌拉山地区存在新太古代晚期(约2.5 Ga)和古元古代中晚期(约2.0 Ga)岩浆侵入岩,后者形成于伸展构造环境。(2)乌拉山地区遭受新太古代晚期一古元古代早期和古元古代晚期两期构造热事件叠加改造。(3)乌拉山地区部分变泥砂质岩石形成于新太古代晚期,大青山地区原认为形成于古元古代早期的"大青山表壳岩"很可能也形成于新太古代晚期。(4)乌拉山地区和大青山具有类似或相同的早前寒武纪地质演化历史。     

江苏栖霞山矿床铜的来源探讨

江苏栖霞山铅锌银多金属矿床是目前华东地区规模最大的铅锌银多金属矿床,位于长江下游沿江断褶带的宁镇断褶束西端,走向长约8 km,面积约25 km2。矿区自西向东包括西库、甘家巷、北象山、虎爪山、平山头、三茅宫等六个矿段,目前正处于开采阶段的为虎爪山矿段。矿体主要沿纵向断裂带（F2）、不整合面、北西向横断裂、层间错动和层间裂隙、古岩溶构造等呈似层状和不规则状（囊状、脉状和层状）分布。赋矿地层为上泥盆统至下二叠统,其中石炭系黄龙组（C2h）碳酸盐岩地层为最主要的赋矿层位。其矿石矿物主要为方铅矿、闪锌矿和黄铁矿,次为菱锰矿、黄铜矿、磁铁矿等。自实施危机矿山接替资源找矿和老矿山找矿工作以来,矿山找矿效果明显,新增资源量达到中型以上规模,除主攻矿种铅锌矿以外,新发现矿体伴生的有益组分Au、Ag和Cu含量较高,伴生Cu金属量达到1.53万吨,且向深部有明显升高的趋势。在找矿勘查布设的42勘探线和46勘探线可独立圈出1层Au矿体、2层Cu-Ag矿体、3层Ag矿体和1层Cu矿体,Au品位普遍在0.2 g以上,Ag品位多大于10 g/t,Cu品位多大于0.2%。因此,矿区深部具有寻找铜、金、银的前景。本文通过搜集前人研究的基础资料和矿区钻孔取样分析数据,对铜的来源作初步的分析,试图厘清栖霞山矿床铜的物质来源,对于指导深部Cu等伴生有益组分的进一步找矿提供一些科学的依据。     

粤西庙山铜多金属矿床硫化物微量元素LA-ICP-MS原位测定及S同位素对矿床成因的制约

庙山铜多金属矿床是在粤西阳春盆地内新近发现的一处铜多金属矿床。矿体主要呈似层状和透镜状产于泥盆系的陆源碎屑岩和含泥质的碳酸盐岩中。本文以矿石矿物黄铁矿和闪锌矿为研究对象,采用LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析新技术对其微量元素特征进行研究。结果表明,庙山铜多金属矿床中黄铁矿以富Se、Te和As,贫Ni元素为特征,其Co/Ni和S/Se比值特征指示其成因与岩浆热液型矿床密切相关;闪锌矿的微量元素组成指示其主要形成于中高温环境,以富Mn、In、Se,贫Ga、Ge、Tl等元素为特征,总体与国外一些典型的矽卡岩型矿床（如Baita Bihor、Majdanpek、Ocna de Fier和Valea Seaca）相似。同时,闪锌矿的部分微量元素比值（如Zn/Cd、Ga/In等）以及相关的微量元素图解（如Ge-In, Ge-Se等）均表明庙山矿床的成因类型与矽卡岩型矿床一致。硫同位素测试结果表明,矿石的δ34S值较为集中（-0.4‰ ~ +2‰）,平均0.69‰,具有较为明显的塔式分布特征,反映成矿物质具有岩浆来源的特征。以地质现象为基础,结合硫化物原位微区分析和硫同位素数据,我们认为庙山铜多金属矿床属于与岩浆热液有关的矽卡岩型矿床。     

运动学涡度在藏南冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门-曲水韧性剪切带中的应用

一般剪切带主要由纯剪切和简单剪切共同作用,不同的剪切带及不同的构造位置两者所占有的比例不同。利用运动学涡度(Wk)可以定量地分析两者间的比值大小。本文通过极莫尔圆法和有限应变轴率Rs/石英c轴组构法对冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门-曲水滑覆型韧性剪切带的运动学涡度进行了计算,两种方法获得了较为一致的结果。通过极莫尔圆法,对剪切带中的9组糜棱岩样品进行了运动学涡度计算,获得了Wk=0.73~0.96,平均值Wk=0.83。运用有限应变轴率Rs/石英c轴组构法对4个样品进行了分析,得到Wk=0.85~0.93,均值为0.88,两种方法获得了较为一致的应变结果。还根据极莫尔圆图解,计算了该韧性剪切带的减薄量S=0.09~0.35,平均减薄量为0.20。研究表明该韧性剪切带为典型的以简单剪切为主伴有部分纯剪切的一般剪切,该剪切带的形成可能与拉萨地体在中新世时从挤压到侧向伸展的转换有关。该剪切带变形特征和运动学涡度的确定深化了对藏南冈底斯地区的构造演化过程的理解,并对青藏高原中南部的地质研究具有推进作用。     

东天山哈密地区早二叠世花岗岩体及镁铁质包体的年代学, 岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

花岗岩中包体是区域构造与深部过程研究结合的良好窗口,对研究花岗岩的成因和壳-幔相互作用有非常重要的意义。东天山南山口黑云母二长花岗岩中广泛发育镁铁质包体。主量元素组成上,寄主花岗岩岩具有中酸性、准铝质、富碱、富钾等特征;镁铁质包体则偏基性、贫钾。微量和稀土元素组成上,富集Rb、K、Th、U,贫Sr、P、Nb、Ta、Ti,且Zr、Hf含量相对较高,具中-强的铕负异常(0.46~0.57)。镁铁质包体与寄主岩具有相似的微量元素特征,但相对富集Sr、P,贫Zr、Hf,铕负异常中等或不明显(0.80~0.93)。闪长质包体属于同源包体,为寄主花岗岩同源母岩浆经结晶分异形成的早期产物。运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年技术,该南山口岩体暗色镁铁质微粒包体与寄主黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为298.2±2.0Ma和294.0±2.7Ma,包体与寄主岩样品具有相似的Hf同位素组成,暗示其母岩浆来自新元古代晚期和早古生代亏损地幔中分离的新生地壳。该高钾钙碱性的花岗岩及其包体可能形成于东天山后碰撞背景下的板片断离后引起软流圈上涌,底侵体带来的热能使得新元古代晚期和早古生代的新生地壳发生部分熔融。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床分散元素的富集机制——兼论浅色闪锌矿富集Cd的原因

文章对云南会泽铅锌矿床的黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿中的分散元素进行了电子探针分析(EMPA),探讨了分散元素的富集机制.结果表明,分散元素含量已达到综合利用指标,且富集规律为:分散元素以类质同象的形式赋存,黄铁矿中分散元素含量较低,而方铅矿中分散元素的含量稍高于闪锌矿.闪锌矿中:Cd富集顺序为红色＞杂色＞黑色,在高温阶段Cd置换Fe,低温阶段Cd置换Zn;Ga通过置换Zn进入闪锌矿,Ge可能主要替代Fe而进入闪锌矿晶格.方铅矿中:Cd和Ga元素置换Fe或Pb先进入方铅矿晶格内,Ge则富集较晚,具体表现为:当Ga含量较低时,元素进入方铅矿品格顺序为Fe,Zn→Cd→Ga,Ge,当Ga含量较高时,元素进入方铅矿品格的顺序依次为Cd,Ga→Ge.     

大湖塘矿集区燕山成矿阶段矿床成矿系列研究及找矿问题探讨

大湖塘矿集区位于赣西北九岭成矿带西北部位,区内燕山期岩浆岩侵入活动及成矿作用强烈。大湖塘燕山期岩浆岩形成时间分布在130.3 Ma~151.4 Ma之间,可划分为三次侵入:130.3 Ma~134.3 Ma、140.4 Ma~144.4 Ma、146.4 Ma~151.4 Ma;在144.4 Ma~146.4 Ma之间,岩浆活动处于休宁阶段。区内燕山期岩浆岩与矿床在形成时间上十分接近,空间关系上相互依存,并显示特定的分布格局。根据区内矿床的分布特点、产出位置、成矿时间、燕山期花岗岩与矿床的相关性等特征,可将大湖塘矿集区由北向南依次划分为W、Mo—W、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn—Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag三个成矿系列,并提出了"北钨南铜"的找矿观点。区内双桥山群与成矿,燕山期岩浆岩的起源,矿床等间距分布,以及重力勘探方面的研究应加强。