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2008年12月7日,由中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所主持,联合中国矿业大学(北京)、清华大学、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所、重庆大学、山东大学、中国人民解放军理工大学、中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院等单位共同承担,科研经费达3300万元,研究团队包括3名院士、2名长江学者、48名博士,研究期为5年的国家973项目“能源储备地下库群灾变机理与防护理论研究”启动大会在武汉岩土所召开。 相似文献
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正【课标分析】课程标准要求:"结合实例,分析造成地表形态变化的外力因素"及"举例说明地表形态对聚落分布的影响"。课标首先要求学生以河流地貌为例,分析外力作用对地表形态的影响,认识河流侵蚀地貌和堆积地貌的形成与发展过程,其次要求学生运用图文资料分析河流地貌对聚落分布的影响。【教材分析】教材设置了"河流侵蚀地貌与堆积地貌""河流地貌对聚落分布的影响"这两个问题作为段落的标题。 相似文献
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Using live vegetation volume to analyze the effects of plot Pinus massoniana Lamb on water and soil conservation under natural rainfall events 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhu-jun GU Xiao-xia WU Xiao-lei WANG Shao-yun PENG Hao LUO Xue-zheng SHI Dong-sheng YU 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):579-587
The 3-D spatial distributions of vegetation are of great significance for water and soil conservation but are rarely concerned in literatures. The live vegetation volume (LVV) was used to relate to water/soil loss under 144 natural erosive rainfall events from 2007 to 2010 in a typical water-eroded area of southern China. Quadratic polynomial regression models were established for five pure tree (Pinus massoniana Lamb) plots between LVV and water (rtmoff)/soil conservation effects (RE/SE). RE/SE corresponds to the ratios of runoff depth/soil loss of the pure tree plots to that of the control plot under each rainfall event. Increasing LVV exhibits descending (DS), descending-ascending (DA), ascending-descending (AD), and ascending (AS) trends in the LVV-RE and LVV-SE curves. The effects of soil conservation on the plots were generally more noticeable than the effects of water conservation, and most of the RE and SE values reflected the positive effects of water and soil conservation. The effects were mainly positive under heavy rains (e.g., rainfall erosivity, R = 140 MJ mm ha-l h, maximum 30 min intensity, I30 = 16 mm h-l), whereas the effects were mainly negative under light rains (e.g., R = 45 MJ mm ha-1 h, I30 = 8 mm h-l). The trees' water/soil conservation effects notably transformed when rainfall erosivity and intensity were lower than the positive or negative effects to a certain threshold. About 50% rainfall events led to obvious transform effects when LVVs were near 0.5 or 0.6. These results are able to aid in the decision making on the forest reconstruction in water-eroded areas. 相似文献
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Andres DIE MORAN Kamal EL KADI ABDERREZZAK Erik MOSSELMAN Helmut HABERSACK Franck LEBERT Denis AELBRECHT Eric LAPERROUSAZ 《国际泥沙研究》2013,28(4):431-447
A mobile-bed, undistorted physical model (1:40) has been used to investigate different sediment supply strategies to the Old Rhine through bank protection removal and modifications of groyne dimensions and configuration, which cause bank erosion. This trained channel was previously the main bed of the upper Rhine downstream of Basel (Switzerland), but it has an artificially low flow regime since the construction of the Grand Canal d'Alsace, a navigation canal, and a flow control dam at Kembs (France). Training works and subsequent channel incision have also greatly reduced sediment transport rates and created a heavily armoured bed. The modelled pilot site has a groyne field on the left bank. Results show that the currently existing groynes at the site are not effective in creating high bank-side velocities conducive to bank erosion, even for flow rates significantly higher than the mean annual flow rate. The river bank has also proved to be more resistant than previously thought, allowing long stretches of bank protection to be safely removed. The physical model testing process has produced a new configuration for the groyne field, where two higher, larger island groynes are placed further apart than the three existing attached groynes. This innovative approach has proved effective, causing bank erosion for flow rates below the mean annual flow rate, with consistent erosion being observed. It has also been found that such a configuration does not pose a hazard for the Grand Canal d'Alsace, which is situated next to the Old Rhine, through excessive bank erosion during high flow events. 相似文献
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