“浙江省地质灾害隐患监测网络系统”成果通过鉴定

浙江省重大科技专项社会发展重点项目《浙江省地质灾害隐患监测网络系统》于2011年1月14日在杭州通过浙江省科学技术厅组织的鉴定。专家一致认为,这项研究成果为浙江省预防和减轻降雨引发的滑坡     

浙江突发性地质灾害预警预报工作回顾与展望

浙江由于其独特的地理位置,复杂的地质、地形和气候背景,是我国降雨引发滑坡、泥石流等突发地质灾害最频繁的地区之一。浙江经济最发达,人口稠密,极易出现小滑坡（泥石流）大灾害情况。为科学防范降雨引发的滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害,最大可能地减少人员伤亡,我省建立的突发地质灾害预警预报系统从2003年7月开始投入运行,至今已进入第8个年头,已初步形成了预警预报系统与群测群防结合的防灾体系,并在实际应用中取得了显著的减灾成效。     

地灾监测预警传感器网络

我国地质环境复杂,地质灾害频发。近年来发生的比较严重的地质灾害有甘肃舟曲特大泥石流灾害、汶川地震灾区特大泥石流灾害等。灾难到来时,城镇被瞬间淹没,无数鲜活的生命顷刻消失,财产损失更是无法计算。为了及时获取临灾信息,有效避免人员伤亡和财产损失,我国采取了多种有效的措施,如建立群测群防体系、开展汛期巡查、排查灾害隐患点、对重大灾害隐患点实行监测等措施。但很多措施仍沿用人工方式,存在数据收集不及时,信息覆盖面不足等缺点,为了有效避免伤亡,还应加强地质灾害监测预警传感器网络（物联网）技术的研究应用,全面建立地质灾害高易发区滑坡泥石流实时监测系统。为了让读者进一步了解该项技术的有关知识,本刊特意邀请专家撰写文章。     

山西省左权县泥石流发育特征及防治建议

对左权县地质灾害进行了调查研究,确定了左权县的地质灾害主要为泥石流,在此基础上对泥石流的发育特征进行分析,并对其提出了防治措施.     

Fine root distribution pattern of different aged Leucaena leucocephala trees in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully,China

Fine root is critical to restrain soil erosion and its distribution pattern is of great influence on the restraining effects. This study studied the fine root biomass(Br) distribution of different aged Leucaena leucocephala(5, 10, 15 years) in debris flow source area in Jiangjia Gully by digging downward to the bottom at different distances to stem in three directions on slope. The results showed the Br increased dramatically by 143% from 5 years to 10 years and then rose slowly by 38% from 10 years to 15 years. The Br of 5 years was significantly asymmetric between uphill and alonghill directions, but there was little difference among directions for other ages, and a concentration trend appeared to exist in downhill and alonghill directions. Moreover, fine root(D≤1 mm) was significantly heavier than that of fine root(1mmD≤2 mm), playing a leading role in the vertical distribution of the whole fine root, with a logarithmic or an exponential function. The results presented may shed light on fine root distribution pattern and evaluation of its effect on slope stability in debris flow source area.     

Case history of the disastrous debris flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County,Tibet, China: Some mitigation suggestions

Debris flows and landslides, extensively developing and frequently occurring along Parlung Zangbo, seriously damage the Highway from Sichuan to Tiebt(G318) at Bomi County. The disastrous debris flows of the Tianmo Watershed on Sept. 4, 2007, July 25, 2010 and Sept. 4, 2010, blocked Parlung Zangbo River and produced dammed lakes, whose outburst flow made 50 m high terrace collapse at the opposite bank due to intense scouring on the foot of the terrace. As a result, the traffic was interrupted for 16 days in 2010 because that 900 m highway base was destructed and 430 m ruined. These debris flows were initiated by the glacial melting which was induced by continuous higher temperature and the following intensive rainfall, and expanded by moraines along channels and then blocked Parlung Zangbo. At the outlet of watershed,the density, velocity and peak discharge of debris flow was 2.06 t/m3, 12.7 m/s and 3334 m3/s, respectively. When the discharge at the outlet and the deposition volume into river exceeds 2125 m3/s and 126×103 m3, respectively, debris flow will completely blocked Parlung Zangbo. Moreover,if the shear stress of river flow on the foot of terrace and the inclination angel of terrace overruns 0. 377 N/m2 and 26°, respectively, the unconsolidated terrace will be eroded by outburst flow and collapse. It was strongly recommended for mitigation that identify and evade disastrous debris flows, reduce the junction angel of channels between river and watershed, build protecting wall for highway base and keep appropriate distance between highway and the edge of unconsolidated terrace.     

莱芜市主要地质灾害特征易发区划分及防治措施

该文总结了莱芜市地质灾害的总体特征,同时具体分析了各种地质灾害的类型、地理分布和主要影响因素等个体特征。以截至2012底的数据为依据,采用地质灾害综合危险性指数法,对莱芜市地质灾害易发程度进行综合分区评价,划定了莱芜市地质灾害高易发区、中易发区、低易发区和不易发区,针对不同的地质灾害种类提出了相应的防治措施。     

Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition

The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011.     

克山县连续15年保持耕地有增无减

本报讯 克山县耕地保有量连续15年保持在186380．29公顷,基本农田保持在165482．3公顷,基本农田保护率达到88．7％;新增矿山复垦面积36．3公顷,小流域综合治理面积4200公顷（水田）,被齐齐哈口市政府评为耕地保护先进县。     

基于兰利法的泥石流临界雨量实验研究

分析了目前泥石流临界雨量确定常用方法存在的问题 ,以及泥石流临界雨量实验研究中实验降雨量确定的随意性和盲目性 ,提出以兰利 ( Langlie)法为指导进行实验 ,使实验降雨量的确定有了理论依据 ,减少了取得可靠实验结果所需实验次数 ,从而使泥石流临界雨量实验研究更趋完善和可行