基于改进经验模态分解的地震弱信号增强处理方法

针对地震反射信号经验模态(EMD)分解过程中出现的混叠及分解重建失真等问题,本文提出一种改进的EMD分解方法.首先对地震信号进行小波转换,对转换分解得到的信号高频部分进行噪声压制处理,然后将转换后的结果再进行EMD分解;针对频带宽度、振幅大小变换,提出了地震信号EMD分解的分段控制停止准则,根据主频带宽,确定相应的时窗长度,并采用各个时窗段部分叠置衔接的方法,最后对每段结果再利用单调函数停止准则进行变换,该方法有效避免了计算结果的时窗效应.通过实际资料处理对比分析,改进的EMD分解方法较以往常规EMD分解方法,在分解结果的可靠性、分解精度及非线性弱信号时频分析能力等方面都具有显著的改善,为提高薄层地质体识别能力提供了有力的技术手段.     

顾及光谱畸变的高分辨率图像融合方法研究

使用高分辨率遥感图像进行像素级图像融合,在图像小波分解时,通过计算不同分解层数下得到的融合图像的熵来决定图像的小波分解层数;在图像小波重建时,引入局部相关系数,并在不同的分解层上设置不同的阈值进行有选择的高频系数替换,实现图像的像素级融合。并使用Quickbird全波段与多光谱数据进行试验,得到了分辨率高、光谱畸变微小的彩色融合图像。     

Wavelet Analysis of Earthquake Activity in the West of the Chinese Mainland and Its Adjacent Area

INTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentofsocietyandquickurbanizationfeaturedbyacentralizationofpopulationsandeconomies ,itisverylikelythatastrongearthquakewillcausethedeathofhundredsandthousandsofpeopleandhugelossofproperty .Forexample ,intheepicenterareaoftheBame…     

西拉木伦河断裂重、磁、电特征分析

西拉木伦河断裂带主体位于天山—兴蒙地槽系的中东部,沿西拉木伦河近东西走向延伸,是中国东北地区的一条规模较大的断裂带. 该断裂带的界限位置一直是地质界研究的热点问题. 目前对于断裂带性质的研究主要集中在大兴安岭以西地区,对大兴安岭以东的地区研究甚少. 笔者从重、磁、电的角度分析了西拉木伦河断裂在大兴安岭以东地区的重、磁、电特征,利用小波多尺度分析方法对各异常场进行了分离,基于获得的含有异常信息的各阶图像,并结合大地电磁剖面,综合推断出西拉木伦河断裂的空间展布情况,认为西拉木伦河断裂是一条超壳断裂.     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

基于时频特征的高分辨率遥感图像道路提取

针对传统的遥感图像道路提取算法存在错漏率较高的问题,提出一种基于时频特征提取和域自适应学习分类器的高分辨率航空遥感图像道路提取新算法。首先利用地统计学抽取道路的时域纹理特征和三维小波变换抽取道路的频域光谱特征,构成高分辨率航空图像中的道路特征。然后使用抽取的道路特征训练由迁移支持向量机模型构建的域自适应分类器,并对高分辨率航空遥感图像进行道路粗提取。最后,结合道路形态特征,用数学形态学方法处理粗分类后的道路,获得提取后的完整道路。仿真实验表明,所提方法能有效降低高分辨率航空遥感图像道路提取中非道路目标的干扰,提高道路提取的精确性。     

基于交叉小波与小波相干的黄土高填方体浅表层水分相关关系研究

探究黄土高填方边坡浅表层水分间的复杂关系是防治坡体浅层水土灾害的基础,本文以延安安塞某黄土高填方体为对象,开展了现场原位长时序监测,并通过交叉小波与小波相干分析方法,研究了坡面效应影响下黄土高填方边坡浅表层水分间的相关关系。结果表明：小波分析方法可用于半定量化研究黄土高填方边坡内外部水分间的相关关系,其优势是可在时域和频域上清晰表现两个时间序列的相关性与变化细节;降雨和边坡浅层土壤水之间存在两个主要的共振时间尺度0.06～1.78 d和3.56～28.47 d,在两时间尺度段内降雨与浅层土壤水的相关性呈增强趋势,即两者的相关性强弱存在明显时间尺度依赖;土壤水间的相关性强弱和交换转化剧烈程度可用显著相干面积百分比(PASC)表示,边坡不同位置PASC的平均值大小为坡顶(36.39%)<上坡段(37.6%)<中坡段(39.17%),坡面提高了垂向土壤水间的交换转化程度;边坡坡面效应的存在不利于降雨向土壤水的转化,但增强了浅表层垂向土壤水间的交换转化。     

中国夏季云和降水的定量关系及其成因分析

云的形成是产生降雨的必要条件,云和降水之间存在着极为密切而复杂的联系。利用常规站点数据和ISCCP卫星数据等资料分析了夏季中国地区云的多种特征参数的变化与降水变化在时空分布上的联系。站点数据结果表明总云量、低云量与降水的距平在全国范围内表现出显著的正相关关系;在通过0.05水平显著性检验的站点上,云量和降水距平百分率之间的线性关系较明显,总云量每增加1.00%降水增加2.23%,低云量每增加1.00%降水增加0.46%。ISCCP数据结果显示总云云量、光学厚度和云水路径以及高云中的卷层云和深对流云云量与降水距平呈非常好的正相关关系。采用K-means聚类分析方法并参考中国地理气候分布特点,将中国分为9个气候区,以小波相干分析和交叉小波分析对各个气候区夏季云量和降水距平百分率序列在时频域内多尺度特征的关系做了进一步研究。结果显示9个气候区夏季白天总云量和低云量与降水变化在2~4年(a)和5~8a的尺度周期都具有较强的相干性与共振周期,且处于正相关位相。在时空分布和时频域上,中国地区夏季云和降水的变化之间都存在非常显著的正相关关系,尤其是低云量。云和降水变化之间具有强相干性与共振周期是两者之间正相关联系的原因。     

Elastic-plastic analysis for pile-anchor supporting system of deep foundation pit

By using numerical analysis methods to simulate the deep excavation, a lot of analyses are established on the basis of two-dimensional plane strain, ignoring the fact that foundation pit possesses three dimensions. For soil constitutive relation, people always take linear and nonlinear model, without considering the plastic behavior of soil. Using plastic-elastic hardening model to simulate constitutive relation of soil characteristics, the authors carried out mechanical analysis for pit excavation and support. The results show that the analysis for the stress state of pile anchor system is an effective way which provides theoretical basis for calculation of soil displacement.