勘探与进展

辽河油田勘探向古生界进发;中国石油集团将与雪佛龙公司合作开发生产川东北区块天然气;     

地震反射波法在浅层勘探中的应用

常规多次覆盖反射波法地震勘探难以获得100ms（一般相当于80m）以上的有效地震反射信息,形成浅部地层勘探盲区。为有效解决浅层勘探难题,提出了单道自激自收或点组合小排列施工方法。该方法除对震源输出脉冲宽度、频率特性有要求外,还对震源适应性有较高的要求。实例表明：采用小药量震源激发,点组合小排列接收,可有效划分100ms以内的层位;而单道锤击自激自收反射波法,对地下敷设电缆、城市排水沟、地下管道及人防工程的探测效果明显高于常规地震勘探。     

小波变换在砂岩型铀矿地面氡气测量中的应用

放射性统计涨落和随机干扰是影响放射性测量效果的关键因素之一,它对砂岩型铀矿在地表的放射性弱信息具有干扰甚至淹没的严重影响.本文采用小波多分辨分析氡气测量数据,消除统计涨落等噪声干扰,提取氡气测量反映深部砂岩型铀矿化信息,为应用地面氡气瞬时测量方法圈定砂岩型铀矿成矿有利地段提供了新的方法和新的思路.     

成岩作用对低渗透砂岩储层物性的影响——以坪北油田上三叠统延长组油藏为例

通过岩石薄片、X-衍射、扫描电镜、阴极发光、压汞等分析测试手段对储层特征进行详细研究.认为该区储层岩石类型主要为细粒长石砂岩,为低孔特低渗型储层,储集空间以溶蚀粒间孔为主,孔喉以小孔细喉型、细小孔微细喉型为主.压实作用、浊沸石、方解石、绿泥石的胶结作用和浊沸石、长石的溶蚀作用是影响砂岩储集性能的主要因素.     

大兴安岭北部小伊诺盖沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义

小伊诺盖沟金矿床位于大兴安岭北部额尔古纳地块,其地质、地球化学特征与产于大兴安岭中生代火山岩地区的浅成低温热液型金矿床具有明显区别。本文通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析研究成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果表明,流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO2三相和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。气相成分以CO2为主,其次是H2O,总体属NaCl-H2O-CO2体系;流体包裹体的盐度低,介于2.1%~8.5% NaCl eqv之间;包裹体均一温度介于169~493℃之间,平均为295℃,属中温热液矿床。其成矿压力为38~172MPa,平均93MPa,对应的成矿深度为4~11km,平均8km。小伊诺盖沟金矿床的地质-地球化学特征与世界造山型金矿类似,应属造山型金矿,其形成于蒙古-中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的陆-陆碰撞造山环境。     

The geochemical characteristics and origin of crude oils in the Kekeya Oilfield,Xinjiang, China

GC/MS and GC/MS/MS techniques were employed to describe the characteristics of biomarker assemblages in two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks, Jurassic and Permian, in southwestern Tarim, and the parameters for the classification of the two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks have been established. It is found that diahopane and C30-unknown terpane are abundant in Permian samples, the contents of diahopane in Jurassic samples are relatively low, and terpenoids have been detected in Jurassic samples but not in Permian source rock samples. Kekeya crude oils are abundant in diahopane and C30-unknown terpane. The results of fine oil-rock correlation indicated that Kekeya crude oils were derived mainly from the Permian hydrocarbon source rocks. However, a small amount of diterpenoid was detected in the crude oils, indicating that the Jurassic hydrocarbon source rocks also made a certain contribution to Kekeya crude oils.     

Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation

The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a crossformational flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal flows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI^- and K^＋＋Na^＋, is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified： （1） residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, （2） residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and （3） interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System S48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Br^- concentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enri     

时间序列InSAR监测地表形变

针对相干点目标的时间序列,提出了地表形变InSAR技术监测方法,该方法适用于小数据集分析。并采用郑州地区2007年1月到2010年4月期间的8景ALOS PALSAR数据进行验证分析。研究表明,识别的相干点目标具有大的干涉相干值和小的振幅离差,在时间序列中具有可靠的相位。从误差分析和与ENVISAT PSInSAR结果对比分析表明,该文求得的形变速率标准差在0.34mm/a和5.56mm/a之间,表明提出方法是可靠的。     

焉耆盆地宝浪油田宝中区块波阻抗反演储层预测

笔者采用波阻抗反演技术，对新疆焉耆盆地宝浪油田宝中区块8个小的砂体厚度进行了横向预测。该方法的关键在于对测井资料的应用，也就是测井的约束条件，使得反演结果具有较高分辨率和可靠性。通过预测，认清了该区块砂体从上至下的分布规律，克服了“一孔之见”的缺陷，增强了预见性，减少了风险性，为编制开发方案奠定了基础。     

塔河油田下奥陶统溶蚀段的测井响应

塔河油田位于塔里木盆地，为该盆地油气中储量最大，产量最高的油田。下奥隐统是塔河油田最重要的储集层段，而下奥陶统中溶蚀成因的孔洞又是该层段最主要的储集空间。通过对该溶蚀段的研究，笔者认为该溶蚀段具有可以识别的测井响应，其密度呈指状急剧降低，是溶蚀段最明显的特征，并以此与中上奥陶统的瘤状灰岩形成明显区别。