台基对地震波、干扰信号的选择性抑制及其抗干扰品质的实验研究

基于地震波及干扰信号在覆盖层与基岩分界面的衰减差异实验,分析了基岩类台基对地震波及干扰信号的选择性抑制的机理,提出台基抗干扰品质的概念。在此基础上,以昭通地震台的抗干扰改造为例,给出利用多套地震仪测定台基抗干扰品质的方法。     

关于提高金刚石钻头胎体工作能力的试验研究

在地质勘探中,金刚石钻进是一种主要的方法。在金刚石钻探生产中,钻探设备、钻头、钻探工艺、钻探生产操作技术和生产管理都是非常重要的。钻探技术经济指标与钻头胎体的工作能力关系更为密切,因此成了人们关心的问题。俄罗斯Кубасов В.В.博士等在提高钻头胎体工作能力方面做了大量的工作,取得了很好的技术经济效果。本文介绍了他们在低品级金刚石的选择性破碎处理、金刚石的热处理、金刚石钻头的低温处理和胎体性能的控制技术等方面的研究内容及取得的成果。     

新疆罗布泊地区嗜盐细菌的分离及其嗜盐特性

从罗布泊"大耳朵"地区盐壳中分离获得108株嗜(耐)盐细菌.试验比较了不同培养基的分离效果,测定了嗜(耐)盐细菌对NaCl的耐受性,生长pH范围及对Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+的选择性.结果表明,添加罗布泊盐壳浸提物的CM改良培养基更有利于嗜(耐)盐细菌的富集培养和分离.罗布泊嗜盐细菌中以革兰氏阴性菌、杆菌为主,大多具有产生色素的特性.大多菌株的pH生长范围是6.0～10.0,最适生长pH值是7.0～8.0.根据生长的NaCl浓度,将分离菌株划分为中等嗜盐细菌、极端嗜盐细菌和耐盐细菌,所占比例分别为24%,27%,49%.嗜(耐)盐细菌的分布与组成类型与分离地点的含盐量有一定的相关性.多数嗜盐细菌对Na+、K+、Mg2+有广泛的适应性,生长所需的Na+可以被一定浓度的K+、Mg2+替代,但缺乏对Ca2+的适应性.多数耐盐细菌对Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+的选择性不强.少数嗜(耐)盐细菌对Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+具有专一的选择适应性.     

龙游沐尘岩体中岩石包体的特征及成因

浙江龙游沐尘晚侏罗世石英二长岩体中包裹了大量暗色微细粒二长闪长质—辉长闪长质岩石包体，它们大小不一，形态各异，分布不均匀，以微细粒结构、具冷凝边构造并发育环斑长石为特征。应用岩浆动力学理论和岩相学、岩石地球化学研究表明，该岩体中的岩石包体是在层状岩浆房中不同成分岩浆大规模对流、不均一混合机制驱动下形成的，在成因类型上属淬冷包体。     

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Crystal Violet from Natural Seawater coupled with High- Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination

Molecularly imprinted polymers （MIPs） were prepared by the bulk polymerization using crystal violet as the template molecule, and the methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimetheacrylate as functional monomer and cross-linker, respectively. Sys- tematic investigations of synthetic conditions were conducted. The surface morphology and recognition mechanism of the obtained polymers were studied using scanning electron microscope and spectrophotometric analysis. MIPs showed high atTmity to template molecule and were successfully applied as special solid-phase extraction sorbent for selective extraction of crystal violet from natural seawater. An off-line molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction （MISPE） method followed by high-performance liquid chroma- tography with diodearray detection for the analysis of crystal violet was also established. MISPE columns have good recoveries for crystal violet standard solutions and good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 0-200 ~tg L-1 （R2 〉 0.99）. Finally, two natural seawater samples were investigated. The recoveries of spiked seawater on the MISPE columns were from 44.47% to 62.34%, the relative standard deviation （n=3） being in the range of 2.89%-5.96%.     

Significant effects of fishing gear selectivity on fish life history

Over the past few decades, extreme changes have occurred in the characters of exploited fish populations. The majority of these changes have affected the growth traits of fish life history, which include a smaller size-at-age, an earlier age-at-maturation and among others. Currently, the causes of these life history traits changes still require systematic analyses and empirical studies. The explanations that have been cited are merely expressed in terms of fish phenotypic adaptation. It has been claimed that the original traits of fish can be recovered once the intensity of exploitation of the fish is controlled. Sustained environmental and fishing pressure will change the life history traits of most fish species, so the fish individual’s traits are still in small size-at-age and at earlier age-at-maturation in exploited fish populations. In this paper, we expressed our view of points that fishing gear has imposed selectiv-ity on fish populations and individuals as various other environmental factors have done and such changes are unrecoverable. Ac-cording to the existing tend of exploited fish individual’s life history traits, we suggested further researches in this field and provided better methods of fishery management and thereby fishery resources protection than those available early.     

压力驱动条件下页岩微纳米孔隙CO2/CH4竞争吸附特性

流动状态下的CO2/CH4竞争吸附特性对高效开采页岩气具有重要作用.引入吸附选择性系数和置换效率,建立石墨烯微纳米孔隙模型,采用非平衡分子动力学方法,在压力驱动条件下,模拟微纳米孔隙中注入压力、温度及压差对CO2/CH4二元混合物竞争吸附行为的影响.结果表明:CO2吸附能力强于CH4,流动状态下吸附选择性系数和置换效率与注入压力呈正比,与温度呈反比;流动状态下的CO2/CH4的吸附选择性较无流动时的低.该结果为研究页岩储层中CO2/CH4竞争吸附机理提供依据.     

胶结壳有孔虫对长石的选择性利用

文章采用扫描电镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、粒度分析等方法对浙江台州大港湾滨海沉积物中的胶结壳有孔虫亚洲波斯基砂虫（Polskiammina asiatica）和抱球砂抱球虫（Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis）的壳壁进行了分析。结果表明，两种有孔虫壳壁具有相似的物质组成，主要包括矿物颗粒、有机外膜、有机内壁衬层、覆盖矿物的有机膜和连接矿物的丝状有机质。构筑壳壁的矿物主要有石英、长石和高岭石，有机物主要为酸性糖蛋白和脂肪。两种有孔虫倾向于选取沉积物中粒径较小的矿物，矿物粒径分布范围较小。壳壁中长石集中分布于有孔虫中心和外壁，很少出现于房室之间的隔板中。分析认为，壳壁曲率和矿物成分制约了长石的特异性分布，而长石的特异性分布有利于提高壳壁稳定性和有孔虫对能量及营养元素的获取。