Zooplankton community structure in relation to environmental factors and ecological assessment of water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River

To study the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors and water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River, investigations were carried out in June, August, and October 2011. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） and saprobic indices were used to process and analyze the data. Seasonal variability was identified as a significant source of variation, which explains the fluctuation in zooplankton density. In autumn, the dry season, water residence time increased and zooplankton biomass and abundance accumulated in the slow flowing waters. Zooplankton abundance increased when food conditions improved. Therefore, the total zooplankton abundance in autumn is much higher than that in spring and summer. According to the saprobic indices, all the sample sites had mesosaprobic water and water quality was worse in autumn. CCA revealed that temperature accounted for most of the spatial variation in the zooplankton community. Moreover, pH, dissolved oxygen saturation, and turbidity were important factors affecting zooplankton community distribution.     

水晶:那一滴珍藏亿年的天使泪

传说欧洲人最早在阿尔卑斯山找到了水晶,那里山岭高峻、四季积雪,古人相信水晶是冰的化石,是上帝用冰造的.在中国古时亦有"千年冰化为水精"之说;南宋诗人杨万里有诗"西湖野僧夸藏冰,半年化作真水精".因为水晶的晶莹,人们相信其中隐藏有神灵.     

区域性海洋要素持续测量平台新技术概述

21世纪是海洋的世纪,海洋要素现场观测对海洋学研究、海洋工程建设和海上国防安全等诸多方面具有深远的意义.比如近年来气候的剧烈变化,就是由大气和海洋共同作用的结果,且受海洋的影响较大[1],因为海洋表层储存的热量比大气多1 000多倍.     

2007年西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征分析

本文通过对2007年西北太平洋热带气旋发生源地、频数、移动路径、强度等方面的分析,找出2007年西北太平洋热带气旋的特征,并对其大气环流进行了分析,结果表明:2007年西北太平洋热带气旋偏少、偏强,路径怪异.前期赤道东太平洋海温偏低,而西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏南、偏西,是2007年西北太平洋热带气旋偏少的主要原因.     

A new MODIS daffy cloud free snow cover mapping algorithm on the Tibetan Plateau

Because of similar reflective characteristics of snow and cloud, the weather status seriously affects snow monitoring using optical remote sensing data. Cloud amount analysis during 2010 to 2011 snow seasons shows that cloud cover is the major limitation for snow cover monitoring using MOD10A1 and MYD10A1. By use of MODIS daily snow cover products and AMSR-E snow wa- ter equivalent products （SWE）, several cloud elimination methods were integrated to produce a new daily cloud flee snow cover product, and information of snow depth from 85 climate stations in Tibetan Plateau area （TP） were used to validate the accuracy of the new composite snow cover product. The results indicate that snow classification accuracy of the new daily snow cover product reaches 91.7% when snow depth is over 3 cm. This suggests that the new daily snow cover mapping algorithm is suitable for monitoring snow cover dynamic changes in TP.     

观察微观特征 知晓宏观分布

河流的主要补给形式有大气降水补给、季节性冰雪融水补给、高山冰雪融水补给、湖泊水补给和地下水补给等。如何掌握并加以区分呢？首先从各种补给形式的径流量变化图中的微观特征看：大气降水补给是大多数河流最主要的补给形式,径流量随降水的变化而变化,水量变化大（见图1）;季节性冰雪融水补给主要在春季,水量变化较缓和,春季积雪融化形成春汛（见图2中A）;     

阿尔山地区积雪变化特征

选取阿尔山气象站1981—2015年冷季(10月—次年4月)气象资料,利用滑动平均、线性倾向估计和Mann-Kendall等方法,对年最大积雪深度、积雪日数、气温和降水量进行分析。结果表明,阿尔山地区年最大积雪深度主要发生在1月至3月,其中2月份概率最大,达50%;34 a内最大积雪深度呈上升趋势(2.77 cm/10a),年平均增加0.98%,且年最大积雪深度在1998年发生了突变,即在1998年之前增长缓慢,在2000年以后上升趋势显著。积雪日数的统计分析表明,初始积雪日数和有效积雪日数呈现略微减少趋势,而稳定积雪日数有微弱的增加趋势;通常初始积雪日数比有效积雪日数大30天左右。年最大积雪深度与稳定积雪时期的降水量、积雪日数、日照时数有显著的相关性,相关系数分别为0.647、0.515、0.584,但与稳定积雪时期的气温没有明显的相关性。在全球变暖的大环境下,积雪深度随着降水量和日照时数的增加而增加,且积雪深度受降水量的影响大于日照时数的影响。