湖南矿泉水产业升级寻路

正"湖南有很多优质矿泉水,但没有人去推广,让大家都喝上湖南的优质矿泉水,我们责无旁贷。"——湖南省国土资源厅厅长方先知"过去我们一直没有把这项工作提到议事日程,矿泉水资源不清、政策不利、管理不到位。从现在开始,我们将这项工作提到重要的议事日程,加以部署安排。"——湖南省国土资源厅副厅长、总工程师尹学朗     

Higher species diversity occurs in more fertile habitats without fertilizer disturbance in an alpine natural grassland community

Are there some relationships among species diversity and soil chemical properties of high altitude natural grasslands？ Plant community composition and chemical properties of soil samples were compared to investigate the relationship between soil and species diversity, and the richness in Tibetan alpine grasslands. Results showed that species diversity was significantly positively related to soil organic matter （SOM）, total nitrogen （TN）, available nitrogen （AN）, total phosphorus （TP）, available phosphorus （AP）, and available potassium （AK） in the high alpine grasslands. Margalefs species richness index was also significantly positively related to SOM, TN, AN, and TP. Most soil chemical properties showed significantly positive correlation with species diversity and Margalef＇s richness index. Our results suggested that higher plant species richness index and diversity occurred in more fertile soil habitats in high altitude natural grassland community. In practice, fertilization management for the restoration of degraded grassland should be conducted with reference to the nutrient levels ofnatural grassland without the additional artificial fertilizer and with higher species-diversity and richness index.     

我国第一个天然沸石矿——浙江缙云老虎头沸石矿发现轶事

1976年,浙江省某地质队在浙江缙云地区找矿时,发现一个奇怪的现象：当地农家鸡窝里的鸡粪都没有臭味。这是怎么回事呢？原来当地家家户户都往鸡窝里撒下一层矿石粉末。     

闽江河口湿地与垦殖地的空气负离子含量研究

为了揭示垦殖对湿地空气负离子含量及空气质量的影响,分别在闽江河口天然湿地和湿地垦殖地中各设置5个采样点,进行空气负离子含量测定与分析;通过计算空气离子评价系数,对空气质量进行评价。研究结果表明,天然湿地空气负离子含量为267~837个/cm3,垦殖地为321~515个/cm3;天然湿地空气负离子含量显著高于垦殖地;总体上,在地表以上50~150 cm高度内,天然湿地空气负离子含量随高度在增加。     

西安秦岭淮河零度等温线上享有“天然历史博物馆”盛誉的美丽城市

西安,是举世闻名的世界四大文明古都之一,居中国古都之首,是影响力最大的都城,是中华民族的摇篮、中华文明的发祥地、中华文化的代表。历史上,西安曾经是中国的政治、经济、文化中心和最早对外开放的城市,是著名的丝绸之路的起点。西安以中国历史上建都时间最长、建都朝代最多的城市,素有“秦中自古帝王州”的美称、以秦始皇陵兵马俑的出土而享有“世界第八大奇迹”诞生地之美誉、以历史文化悠久享有“天然历史博物馆”之盛誉。     

Denitrification potential of marsh soils in two natural saline-alkaline wetlands

Little information is available on denitrification potential of marsh soils in natural saline-alkaline wetlands. The denitrification potentials of an open wetland in the floodplain(Erbaifangzi wetland) and a closed wetland(Fulaowenpao wetland) in backwater areas in Jilin Province of Northeast China were monitored by an anaerobic incubation at 30℃ for 25 days. Our results showed that the relative denitrification index(RDI) increased gradually with incubation time, and showed a rapid increase in the first 5 days of incubation. The RDI values declined quickly from surface soils to subsurface soils and then kept a small change in deeper soils along soil profiles over the incubation time. Denitrification proceeded much faster in the top 20 cm soils of open wetland than in the closed wetland, whereas no significant differences in RDI values were observed in deeper soils between both wetlands. The RDIs were significantly negatively correlated with bulk density and sand content, while a significantly positive correlation with clay content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous. The maximum net NO–3-N loss through denitrification in 1 m depth were higher in the open wetland than the closed wetland with higher soil pH values. Future research should be focused on understanding the influencing mechanisms of soil alkalinity.     

青藏高原三江源土壤成分分析系列标准物质获批为国家一级标准物质

正中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心研制的6种青藏高原三江源土壤成分分析系列标准物质获得国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准,成为国家一级标准物质,编号为GBW07475-GBW07480。青藏高原三江源是世界上海拔最高的天然湿地,也是世界高海拔生物多样性最集中的地区,是青藏高原的腹地和主体,是长江、黄河、澜沧江的发源地。现在长江总水量的25%、黄河总水量的49%、澜沧江总水量的15%都来自于这里。人们将它誉为"中华水塔"和"亚洲水塔",并称之为地球"第三极"。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干地区老并石膏磁铁矿地质特征及成矿作用过程探讨

老并石膏磁铁矿位于塔阿西大断裂西侧,为一种新的矿床类型。笔者依据最新大调查、详查及勘探成果,通过矿区地质、矿床地质等方面综合分析研究,认为老并石膏磁铁矿成矿过程为海底火山活动带来了大量的炽热含盐和金属溶液,形成含矿溶液;含矿溶液在Eh、pH值差异的驱动下运移,并在特定的物理化学条件下,导致铁质的卸载沉淀,形成磁铁矿;同时由于炽热的含矿溶液与海水相互作用,为硬石膏的形成提供了S的物质来源,从而出现石膏、磁铁共生的现象。对于深化西昆仑地区磁铁矿成矿带成矿认识,总结区域成矿规律具有一定的理论意义和实践意义。     

淮南煤田潘三煤矿4-2煤中矿物对岩浆侵入的响应

以淮南煤田潘三煤矿4-2煤层中的岩浆岩、天然焦和煤样品为研究对象,利用X射线衍射仪和X射线荧光光谱仪测试其矿物组成和主量元素含量,研究地下岩浆侵入对煤中矿物成分的影响。结果表明:煤变质成天然焦后,其总的矿物含量增多,并伴随着后生矿物如微斜长石和镁绿泥石的出现。天然焦中后生矿物的组成元素可能来源于岩浆或热液中的主量元素如Si、Al、Na、K、Fe和Mg。     

微波等离子体炬质谱技术快速鉴别天然石材与人造石材

天然石材主要有大理石、花岗岩等;人造石材多以不饱和聚酯树脂为基料,添加适量的无机物粉料和添加剂固化制成。由于石材种类繁多,并且各种石材的岩体所含矿物成分也有差异,当前很少应用化学成分分析方法准确、快速鉴别天然和人造石材,仅有的红外光谱法由于对待测物纯度的要求较高而具局限性。本文基于微波等离子体炬源(MPT)同时具有热解吸与强电离能力,能在短时间内离子化待测物的特点,采用微波等离子体炬质谱(MPT-MS)技术,无需样品复杂预处理直接对天然与人造石材进行分析,获得正离子检测模式下在m/z 50~1000之间的石材的指纹谱图,并运用化学计量学的主成分分析(PCA)方法处理所获取的数据,实现了不同建筑石材的区分。结果表明,MPT-MS能够获得石材丰富的指纹谱图,结合PCA方法能够快速鉴别天然石材与人造石材,天然石材中解吸出的物质主要为CO₂和H₂O的团簇分子;而人造石材中解吸出的主要成分为有机物(人为添加的黏合剂等)。本研究采用的MPT-MS技术无需采用喷雾、激光、基质和加热等方法辅助,并且无需对石材进行任何复杂的处理即可进行质谱分析,从而获取石材表面及内部物质的质谱信息,为快速直接鉴定石材样品提供了一种新的质谱分析方法。