油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状及进展

我国拥有相当数量裂缝型低渗储层的地质储量,在我国油气生产中起举足轻重的作用。系统开展低渗储层中裂缝特征和分布规律研究预测,无疑对我国的低渗透储层油气勘探开发具有指导作用。目前,国内外在油气盆地低渗透储层中对裂缝预测及评价已经形成了很多富有特色的方法,但是由于裂缝成因的复杂性、发育的多阶段性,对低渗储层裂缝的预测及评价研究还处于探索阶段。本文较为系统地综述了油气盆地低渗透储层裂缝预测研究现状与进展、不同成因的裂缝预测方法、裂缝研究存在问题和解决方法。     

关于水资源总量计算的探讨

一个地区的水资源量,相对来说无论是地表水资源还是地下水资源均处于相对动态平衡之中。天然状态下,水资源总量等于地表水径流量与地下水天然排泄量之和,再减去地下水枯月天然排泄量(即地下水恒转化为河川基流量的部分)。     

利用微藻生产特种天然类胡萝卜素的研究进展

类胡萝卜素是广泛存在于自然界的一类天然色素。所有类胡萝卜素形式上都可由有11个共轭双键中间碳链的番茄红素（1ycopene）基础结构通过氧化、氢化、脱氢、环化以及碳架的重排、降解而衍生。类胡萝卜素在生物体内具有十分重要的生理功能,它是植物光合作用的辅助色素,在保护细胞免受强光、活性氧和敏化色素的有害影响中起着重要的作用。同时,类胡萝卜素具有较高的医药价值,通过摄食类胡萝卜素不仅可以预防眼病和心血管疾病的发生,还可以增强人体的免疫功能,具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗衰老等功效。因此,类胡萝卜素作为营养、保健、着色等多功能天然色素,已广泛应用于食品、医药、保健品、饲料、化妆品等工业领域。     

1978年以来5个时期南四湖区土地利用格局及土壤有机碳储量北大核心CSCD

以1978年、1987年、1998年、2008年和2018年南四湖区的遥感影像为数据源,采用监督分类方法,对遥感影像进行人机交互目视解译,得到5个时期南四湖区各种土地利用类型的分布和面积数据;在沼泽、水产养殖区、水稻田和旱地中各设置了8个采样点,采集表层(0~15 cm深度)土样,测定土样中的溶解性有机碳、轻组有机碳和重组有机碳的含量,计算出各种土地利用类型表层土壤有机碳密度和碳储量。研究结果表明,受水文变化和人类活动干扰的影响,随着时间的推移,5个时期南四湖区天然湿地(湖泊、河流、沼泽)面积在不断减少,人工湿地面积(水产养殖区、水稻田、人工水渠)在不断增加;随着土地利用方式的改变,南四湖区土壤碳储量也发生了明显变化,沼泽表层土壤的溶解性有机碳密度和轻组有机碳密度都相对最大,水稻田表层土壤的重组有机碳密度相对最大。虽然水产养殖区和水稻田面积的增加,使其表层土壤重组有机碳储量增加了921.58×10~3t,但是,天然湿地的丧失,使得2018年南四湖区表层土壤碳储量比1978年减少了136.34×10~3t。     

页岩储层脆性评价分析及可压裂性定量评价新方法研究

目前绝大部分可压裂性模型以弹性参数脆性指数法为基础评价页岩储层可压裂性,然而通过岩石应力应变特性、岩石力学测试统计结果和矿场压裂实例分析可知,通过弹性参数评价页岩脆性缺乏理论依据,且与实验测试、压裂效果等相悖.针对页岩储层可压裂性定义不统一、不全面的问题,综合分析了影响页岩体积压裂过程中压碎难度、缝网的复杂度、获得较高...     

Characterization of a new lectin involved in the protoplast regeneration of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bryopsis hypnoides</Emphasis>

A group of coenocytic marine algae differs from higher plants,whose totipotency depends on an intact cell(or protoplast).Instead,this alga is able to aggregate its extruded protoplasm in sea water and generate new mature individuals.It is thought that lectins play a key role in the aggregation process.We purified a lectin associated with the aggregation of cell organelles in Bryopsis hypnoides.The lectin was ca.27 kDa with a pI between pH 5 and pH 6.The absence of carbohydrate suggested that the lectin was ...     

Grey relational analysis on the relation between marine environmental factors and oxidation-reduction potential

The effects of marine environmental factors-temperature(T),dissolved oxygen(DO),salinity(S) and pH-on the oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) of natural seawater were studied in laboratory.The results show an indistinct relationship between these four factors and the ORP,but they did impact the ORP.Common mathematical methods were not applicable for describing the relationship.Therefore,a grey relational analysis(GRA) method was developed.The degrees of correlation were calculated according to GRA and the va...     

Micromorphology and quality attributes of the loess derived soils affected by land use change: A case study in Ghapan watershed, Northern Iran

In order to study the effects of different land vegetative covers on soil quality attributes, a loess hill slope was selected in eastern Golestan Province, Ghapan watershed, Iran. Four profiles in four land uses, including Quercus natural forest; Pinus artificial forest; Cupressus artificial forest and a cultivated land, were studied. Results showed that MWD was significantly different in the studied land uses, and it varied between 1.6 mm in Quercus natural forest and o.31 mm in cultivated land use. The lowest CEC, microbial respiration rate and organic carbon were 28.4 cmol·kg^1, 177 μgCO2·g^-1·day^-1 and 1.32 % found in cultivated land use, respectively. The organic matter was considerably higher content in the forest areas than that of cultivated land use. The studies on soil profile development revealed that the natural forest soils were highly developed. The soils of the Quercus natural forest were classified as Calcic Haploxeralfs with a well developed argillie horizon unlike the cultivated soils which showed the minimum development and classified as Typic Xerorthents. The soils of the artificial forests had both mollic epipedons and were classified as Typic Calcixerolls with moderate profile development. Micromorphological studies revealed that argillic horizons had speckled and partly crystallitic b-fabric in the natural forest indicating the high landscape stability. In contrast, the crystallitic b-fabric of other land uses shows the absence of enough leaching of carbonate and the subsequent migration of clay particles indicating the unstable conditions and high soil erosion. Intense erosion of the surface horizons of cultivated land use has resulted in the outcropping of the subsurface carbonate rich horizons preventing soil development.     

天然水体中微量过氧化氢的测定方法

天然环境中的H2O2与水体中的光化学反应、氧化还原反应有密切关系,是影响化学物质（金属离子、腐殖质等）在水环境中的迁移、转化、归宿及生态效应的重要因素,也是酸雨形成的主要原因之一。地表天然水中的H2O2主要来自表层水中可溶解有机物（DOM）的光化学反应,