Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.     

基于模糊算子理论的道路半自动提取

提出了一种基于模糊算子理论的道路半自动提取方法。该方法在对小比例尺影像进行Sobel边缘检测的基础上，定义了12种模糊算子表示2维道路的各种可能的结构，然后在给定道路种子点附近形成的一定范围内进行搜索，提取出道路的中心线。实验结果表明，该算法速度较快并且具有较强的鲁棒性。     

GIS数据辅助下的线状目标自动提取

首先介绍了遥感影像中线状目标骨架自动提取的意义和研究现状，然后结合老的GIS数据，提出了一种算法来实现遥感影像中线状目标骨架的自动提取，算法主要包括影像预处理、GIS数据与影像的配准、骨架跟踪、编组连接与数据简化等步骤。最后又利用遥感影像和相应的GIS数据进行了实验，实验证明了算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于光谱空间密度分析的边缘提取

针对传统的边缘提取方法大部分不适应高光谱数据的特点，提出了基于光谱空间密度分析边缘提取的思想。在分组主分量变换提取第一主分量作为特征维的基础上，采用面向对象的二次判别边缘的方法，通过立体判决将光谱空间中低密度超椭球体集群视为真实边缘点集群。试验表明，此方法是合理可行的。     

Possible Impacts of the Arctic Oscillation on the Interdecadal Variation of Summer Monsoon Rainfall in East Asia

The influences of the wintertime AO (Arctic Oscillation) on the interdecadal variation of summer monsoon rainfall in East Asia were examined. An interdecadal abrupt change was found by the end of the 1970s in the variation of the AO index and the leading principal component time series of the summer rainfall in East Asia, The rainfall anomaly changed from below normal to above normal in central China, the southern part of northeastern China and the Korean peninsula around 1978. However,the opposite interdecadal variation was found in the rainfall anomaly in North China and South China.The interdecadal variation of summer rainfall is associated with the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation. It is indicated that the interdecadal variation of the AO exerts an influence on the weakening of the monsoon circulation. The recent trend in the AO toward its high-index polarity during the past two decades plays important roles in the land-sea contrast anomalies and wintertime precipitation anomaly. The mid- and high-latitude regions of the Asian continent are warming, while the low-latitude regions are cooling in winter and spring along with the AO entering its high-index polarity after the late 1970s. In the meantime, the precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and South China is excessive, implying an increase of soil moisture. The cooling tendency of the land in the southern part of Asia will persist until summer because of the memory of soil moisture. So the warming of the Asian continent is relatively slow in summer. Moreover, the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean which are located southward and eastward of the Asian land, are warming from winter to summer. This suggests that the contrast between the land and sea is decreased in summer. The interdecadal decrease of the land-sea heat contrast finally leads to the weakening of the East Asia summer monsoon circulation.     

2000年以来中国大陆5级以上地震近源区的相继发震特征与预测

通过对中国大陆除新疆和东北深震区以外的主要地区2000年以来5级以上地震活动特征的研究发现,5级以上地震近源区的相继发震是某些区域地震活动的重要特征。依据这一特征可以对今后研究区内5级以上地震的后续地震作中期预测。     

Numerical Modeling of Basin-Range Tectonics Related to Continent-Continent Collision

Continent-continent collision is the most important driving mechanism for the occurrence of various geological processes in the continental lithosphere. How to recognize and determine continent-continent collision,especially its four-dimensional temporal-spatial evolution, is a subject that geological communities have long been concerned about and studied. Continent-continent collision is mainly manifested by strong underthrnsting (subduction) of the underlying block along an intracontinental subduction zone and continuous obduction (thrusting propagation) of the overlying block along the intracontinental subduction zone, the occurrence of a basin-range tectonic framework in a direction perpendicular to the subduction zone and the flexure and disruption of the Moho. On the basis of numerical modeling, the authors discuss in detail the couplings between various amounts and rates of displacement caused by basin subsidence, mountain uplift and Moho updoming and downflexure during obduction (thrusting propagation) and subduction and the migration pattern of basin centers. They are probably indications or criteria for judgment or determination of continent-continent collision.     

欧洲首次发现跃龙骨化石 为大陆漂移说提供了又一有力证据

葡萄牙自然历史博物馆28日宣布，里斯本新大学一支考古队在葡中部城市蓬巴尔发现了距今1．5亿年前的跃龙（也称异特龙）骨骼化石。这是首次在欧洲大陆发现该种恐龙的化石，为大陆漂移说提供了又一有力证据。     

华北地块东部晚中生代至新生代岩石圈不均一减薄与改造模式

本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法，把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用，岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失，残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造，使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈，但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上，岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。     

阿拉善地区前寒武纪斜长角闪岩的岩石学、地球化学、形成环境和年代学

阿拉善地区前寒武纪不同岩群、岩组和杂岩中的斜长角闪岩均呈层状产出 ,其原岩多为高铁拉斑玄武岩 ,普遍具有高钾高钛、稀土元素含量高、轻稀土元素富集的地球化学特征 ,与典型的大洋拉斑玄武岩、太古宙的TH1型和TH2 型拉斑玄武岩有较明显的区别。岩石组合特征和多种地球化学判别图解均表明 ,该区的斜长角闪岩主要形成于板内环境 ,属于板内裂陷或大陆边缘裂陷的大地构造环境。初步的同位素年代学研究表明 ,叠布斯格岩群中斜长角闪岩的原岩形成于新太古代 ,含黑云斜长角闪岩中的角闪石3 9Ar_40 Ar坪年龄和等时线年龄分别为 1918Ma和1919Ma ,说明其曾经历了古元古代角闪岩相变质作用的叠加。巴彦乌拉山岩组中斜长角闪岩形成于 2 2 71Ma～2 2 6 4Ma。波罗斯坦庙片麻杂岩中的斜长角闪岩已被 1818Ma和 1839Ma花岗片麻岩侵入 ,根据该杂岩体中斜长角闪岩与巴彦乌拉山岩组中同类岩石的地球化学特征 ,推断其形成于古元古代早期。阿拉善群德尔和通特组中的斜长角闪岩目前尚无确切的同位素年代学数据 ,但相同层位的石榴石二云母石英片岩中锆石离子探针定年已获得平均同位素年龄值为 136 3Ma ,推测它有可能形成于中元古代