Urban Economic Cluster Template and Its Dynamics of Beijing,China

Economic clusters have been a central focus of current urban and regional research, policies and practices. However, a meth- odology to identify and analyze policy-relevant economic cluster dynamics is still not well developed. Based on input-output （I-O） data of 1987, 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 of Beijing, this article presents an adapted principle component analysis for identifying the evolu- tion of local economic cluster patterns. This research addresses the changes of economic interaction of industries with complementary and common activities over time. The identified clusters provide an insight into the reality of economic development in a diversifying urban economy： the increasing importance of services and the growing interaction between service and manufacturing industries. Our method therefore provides the analysts with a better understanding of the emergence, disappearance and development of economic clus- ters citywide. The results could be used to assist monitoring urban economic development and designing more practical urban economic strategies.     

大同火山群 奔跑在桑干河上的生命

正在平坦开阔的黄土地上,它们犹如地底幽灵般突兀而起,给人一种威猛与神秘。它们就像一群具有生命形态的活物正在奔跑着,震撼人们的心灵的同时,更给人们一种亘古久远的特殊美。这就是我国六大著名火山群之一的大同火山群——东亚大陆地区火山地质的珍稀标本。大同火山群处于平坦宽广的大同盆地东翼和桑干河中游的河谷地带。准确一点讲,这是一处在约900平方公里范围内拥有30余座完整漂亮火山锥体的死火山群落。距今约30万年前,大同火山群开始     

直面污染 守护安全

正1月19日发布的中央一号文件明确,以解决好地少水缺的资源环境约束为导向深入推进农业发展方式转变,以满足吃得好吃得安全为导向大力发展优质安全农产品。在粮食产量十连增的大背景下,人们对这一蓝图寄予无限憧憬。但是,4月17日发布的全国土壤污染状况调查公报显示,全国土壤16.1%的总超标率。不禁让人担忧上述理想能否顺利实现。此次在全国范围首次开展的土壤污染状况综合调查显示,我国土壤环境状况     

“可燃冰”开发,难在哪？

自20世纪60年代以来,人们陆续在冻土带和自海洋深处发现了一种可以燃烧的“冰”,就是天然气水合物,即后来被人们称作“可燃冰”的物质。可燃冰中甲烷含量占80%~99.9%,燃烧污染比煤、石油、天然气都小得多,而且其广泛分布在大陆永久冻土、岛屿的斜坡地带、活动和被动大陆边缘的隆起处、极地大陆架以及海洋和一些内陆湖的深水环境,在全球范围内的储量是现有天然气、石油储量的两倍,足够人类使用1000年,因而被各国视为未来石油、天然气的替代能源。     

广西北部湾土壤地球化学基准值与背景值特征

文章统计了广西北部湾地区深层土壤地球化学基准值与表层土壤背景值,并且对表深层土壤元素含量特征进行对比研究。结果显示,大部分表层土壤元素对深层土壤有一定的继承性,少部分元素如Cd、N、P、Cl、S、有机碳等受表生迁移活动和人为活动因素影响又与深层土壤有所差异。     

A Dipole Pattern of Summer Precipitation over Mid-high Latitude Asia and Related Snow Cover Anomalies in the Preceding Spring

A dipole pattern of summer precipitation over the mid-high latitudes of Asia, which is characterized by opposing summer precipitation variations between the Mongolian and Northeast China （MNC） region and the West Siberian Plain （WSP）, is found to be clear and stable on both interdecadal and interannual scales during 1981- 2011. Spring snow cover anomalies over a small region within the WSP and the Heilongjiang River （HR） region are closely related to the variation of this dipole mode during the subsequent summer, and they can therefore be considered as forecasting factors. Our statistical results imply a potential process explaining the relationship between the spring snow anomalies and the summer rainfall dipole. Corresponding to the snow anomalies, Rossby waves propagate along a path from the WSP region, via the Mongolian Plateau, to the Stanovoy Range during summer. At the same time, Rossby-wave energy divergences and convergences along this path maintain and reinforce an anomalous cyclone and anticyclone pairing over the Asian continent, which is significantly linked to opposite summer precipitation anomalies between the MNC and WSP regions. Numerical experiments are need- ed to further confirm the above conjecture and demonstrate the detailed physical mechanisms linking the spring snow cover anomalies and summer precipitation dipole.     

动力学模型预测泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品的货架期

以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品为研究对象,测定和分析其在不同贮藏温度(4°C、20°C、30°C和40°C)下,菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、脂肪氧化程度(TBA值)与感官评分各项指标随贮藏时间的变化。结果表明,泥鳅半干制品在不同贮藏温度下,随着贮藏时间的延长品质逐渐下降,贮藏温度越低,品质指标变化越缓慢。经Pearson相关性分析,确定影响泥鳅半干制品品质变化的关键因子为菌落总数;基于Arrhenius方程,进一步建立菌落总数与贮藏时间、贮藏温度之间的动力学模型,该模型中活化能Ea为26.5 kJ/mol,反应速率常数k0为3186.6,推算得出泥鳅半干制品货架期预测值与实测值相对误差较小,该动力学模型可准确预测泥鳅半干制品在4—40°C贮藏温度下的货架期。本研究可为泥鳅半干制品的开发、流通奠定理论基础。     

Amodified discrete element model for sea ice dynamics

Considering the discontinuous characteristics of sea ice on various scales,a modified discrete element model（DEM） for sea ice dynamics is developed based on the granular material rheology.In this modified DEM,a soft sea ice particle element is introduced as a self-adjustive particle size function.Each ice particle can be treated as an assembly of ice floes,with its concentration and thickness changing to variable sizes under the conservation of mass.In this model,the contact forces among ice particles are calculated using a viscous-elastic-plastic model,while the maximum shear forces are described with the Mohr-Coulomb friction law.With this modified DEM,the ice flow dynamics is simulated under the drags of wind and current in a channel of various widths.The thicknesses,concentrations and velocities of ice particles are obtained,and then reasonable dynamic process is analyzed.The sea ice dynamic process is also simulated in a vortex wind field.Taking the influence of thermodynamics into account,this modified DEM will be improved in the future work.     

Dynamics of large-truncated mooring systems coupled with a catenary moored semi-submersible

With the floating structures pushing their activities to the ultra-deep water,model tests have presented a challenge due to the limitation of the existing wave basins.Therefore,the concept of truncated mooring system is implemented to replace the full depth mooring system in the model tests,which aims to have the same dynamic responses as the full depth system.The truncated mooring system plays such a significant role that extra attention should be paid to the mooring systems with large truncation factor.Three different types of large truncation factor mooring system are being employed in the simulations,including the homogenously truncated mooring system,non-homogenously truncated mooring system and simplified truncated mooring system.A catenary moored semi-submersible operating at 1000 m water depth is presented.In addition,truncated mooring systems are proposed at the truncated water depth of 200 m.In order to explore the applicability of these truncated mooring systems,numerical simulations of the platform’s surge free decay interacting with three different styles of truncated mooring systems are studied in calm water.Furthermore,the mooring-induced damping of the truncated mooring systems is simulated in the regular wave.Finally,the platform motion responses and mooring line dynamics are simulated in irregular wave.All these simulations are implemented by employing full time domain coupled dynamic analysis,and the results are compared with those of the full depth simulations in the same cases.The results show that the mooring-induced damping plays a significant role in platform motion responses,and all truncated mooring systems are suitable for model tests with appropriate truncated mooring line diameters.However,a large diameter is needed for simplified truncated mooring lines.The suggestions are given to the selection of truncated mooring system for different situations as well as to the truncated mooring design criteria.     

力觉临场感遥操作机器人(3)：环境的动力学描述

力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统是一个典型的人-机-环交互系统.环境是遥操作机器人系统最终的环节,也是操作者感知和作用的对象,环境的动力学特性对整个遥操作机器人系统的控制性能会产生直接的影响.通过分析环境在力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统中的动力学特性,建立了环境在碰撞接触、线性平稳接触和非线性平稳接触3类情况下的动力学模型,并给出了模型的等效阻抗形式,为力觉临场感遥操作机器人系统的分析提供了基础.