青岛市大沽河水源地地下水资源潜力分析

青岛市水资源可利用量远远满足不了区内经济快速发展的需要,水资源缺乏已成为青岛市最突出的问题之一。大沽河水源地是青岛市最大的供水水源地,易采易补,本文在以往工作成果的基础上,结合大沽河水源地的水文地质条件,按照在枯水年系列中动用的储存资源在丰水年能够得到补偿的实践经验和思路,对大沽河水源地的地下水资源潜力进行了全面分析,提出新增地下水人工调蓄资源潜力54.54×106 m3/a,为青岛市增大可供水量、缓解水资源供需矛盾提供了后备水源。     

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.     

阜平大沙河沿岸黄土组成特征及成因研究

阜平大沙河段位于太行山中北部地区,黄土类型与西部黄土高原一致,是黄土高原向东延伸的一部分。构成黄土高原的东部边缘,该区黄土复杂多样,厚度变化较大,成点状或片状分布。阜平沙河沿岸阶地之上、山麓背风地带、断裂带出露区发育有厚度不一的黄土层堆积。阜平沙河黄土物质来源复杂、既有西北风搬运来的物质,又有近地表生成的颗粒,堆积期间又经过明显的流水作用的干扰。大沙河黄土、古土壤的堆积、发育与更新世气候变化关系密切,同时又受到本区地貌和构造的影响。     

河西走廊黑河鼎新至哨马营段河水与地下水转化途径分析

运用美国ＧＥＯＭＥＴＲＩＣＳ公司制造的ＳｔｒａｔａｇｅｃｍＥＨ４电导率成像系统。对黑河鼎新至哨马营河谷地带进行实地调查发现,此段存在一地堑式断层,为东西走向,古道沿此断层形成。河流在此段大部分沿古河道为地下水,自西向东流去,在东部板滩井一带（盐碱沼泽地）以垂向蒸发方式通过地表及植被排泄。古尔乃绿洲的形成与黑河河水通过断层转化成地下水有关。     

贵州乌江水系的水文地球化学研究

乌江水系河流的水化学组成代表了典型碳酸盐岩地区河流的相应化学组成,显示了与世界主要河流不同的水文化学特征: 河水含有较高的溶质浓度,河水水化学组成以Ca2+ 和HCO3- 为主,其次为Mg2+和SO42- , Na+ + K+ 和Cl- + Si分别只占阳离子和阴离子组成的5%～10%。这表明乌江流域河水中水化学组成主要来源于碳酸盐风化,硅酸盐、蒸发盐风化对水中溶质的贡献很小,农业活动、开矿和工业污染对水体化学组成有一定影响。      

水资源计算评价中的两点质疑

河水基流量是地下水资源量,应从地表水径流量中扣除.灌溉水回渗补给地下水量已转化为地下水,具有二次开发利用的功能,应包括在总水资源中,不应将其视为重复量,从总水资源中扣除.     

喀斯特河流溶解态稀土元素组成变化及其控制因素

以化学萃取- 反萃取分离法为手段,结合等离子质谱分析仪测量了喀斯特地区乌江、沅江两大水系的枯水期河流的溶解态稀土元素含量。该两河流的化学组成代表了流经碳酸盐岩地层的河水的化学组成。与世界其它地区低pH的河水不同,喀斯特地区河水溶解态稀土元素含量较低,页岩标准化配分模式并不平坦,轻、重稀土元素分异因河流的不同而不同,乌江水系上游轻稀土元素( LREE)相对重稀土元素( HREE)富集,中下游HREE相对于LREE富集,沅江水系河水HREE相对于LREE富集,页岩标准化配分模式具明显的Ce、Eu负异常。乌江、沅江及其支流有高的溶解盐,含有较高的溶质浓度,河水水化学(高碱度、高离子含量、高pH值)和水/粒相互作用控制了喀斯特河水中溶解态稀土元素的含量和轻、重稀土元素的分异。      

乌鲁木齐河流域不同水体中的氧稳定同位素

The variations of the stable oxygen isotope in different water mediums in Urumqi River Basin, China, are analyzed. The stable oxygen isotope in precipitation has marked temperature effect either under synoptic or seasonal scale at the head of Urumqi River. The linear regression equations of δ^18O against temperature are δ^18O=-0.94T-12.38 and δ^18O=1.29T-13.05 under the two time scales, respectively. The relatively large δ^18O/temperature slopes show the strong sensitivity of δ^18O in precipitation to temperature variation at the head of Urumqi River. According to the analyses on the δ^18O in precipitation sampled at three stations with different altitudes along Urumqi River, altitude effect is notable in the drainage basin. The δ^18O/altitude gradients have distinct differences: the gradient from Urumqi to Yuejinqiao is merely -0.054‰/hm, but -0.192‰/hm from Yuejinqiao to Daxigou, almost increasing by 2.6 times over the former. No altitude effect is found in surface firn the east branch of Glacier No. 1 at the head of Urumqi River, showing that precipitation in the glacier is from the cloud cluster with the same condensation level. Influenced by strong ablation and evaporation, the δ^18O in surface firn increases with increasing altitude sometimes. Survey has found that the δ^18O in meltwater at the terminus of Glacier No. 1 and in stream water at Total Control have the similar change trend with the former all smaller than the latter, which displays the different runoff recharges, and all mirror the regime of temperature in the same term basicallv.     

地下水污染羽对傍河水源地的影响

以西北某城市傍河水源地及其上游原油储备库为研究区,利用地下水数值模拟软件GMS建立了地下水流和溶质运移耦合模型。根据不同的水源地地下水开采方案,应用危害最大化原则,预测未来10年内原油储备库地下水中有机污染羽对水源地的影响。结果表明,虽然原油储备库距离水源地较近,但由于原油储备库所在区域仅有薄层含水层,而水源地处于其下游的断陷盆地内,形成了特殊的水文地质结构。这使得原油储备库地下水向下游的补给十分有限。水源地地下水补给主要来自北面的黄河,即使水源地加大开采也只能对石油污染羽产生很小的拉动作用。在这种情况下,10年之内原油储备库污染羽不会污染水源地地下水。从长远考虑,为增加水源地的供水安全,应恢复黄河南河道,在增加水源地补给的同时,也在水源地与污染场地之间形成天然的水力屏障,可以从根本上防止有机污染羽对水源地的威胁。     

末次冰期以来格尔木河填充-切割及驱动机制初探

格尔木河水系是位于青藏高原东北部的一个较大的内陆水系,它发源于东昆仑山主脊.由南向北流经于昆仑山商,最终流入柴达木盆地中的达布逊盐湖.格尔木河水系河谷地貌和沉积,尤其是晚第四纪以来发育的阶地系列是本区构造运动和气候变化信息的良好载体,对研究青藏高原的环境演化具有重要意义.通过对格尔木河水系小干沟、纳赤台和三岔河等典型河...