雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素

为了解雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素,利用2015年采集的8个河水水样,运用数理统计、聚类分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比值等方法,分析了雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水水化学特征,并探讨了其主要控制因素。结果表明：河水中阳离子以Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺为主,阴离子则以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主,阴、阳离子分别约占其总量的96%和85%。河水水化学类型均为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型。TDS含量介于202.46~371.27 mg·L^-1,均值为299.30 mg·L^-1,较世界河流平均值高。自上至下,河水水化学特征表现出一定的差异性,河水中主要离子以及TDS、TH、EC的含量沿程表现出下降的趋势,其原因主要有支流河水汇入和降水增加的稀释作用。河水水样均落在Gibbs模型图中部偏左,表明河水中主要离子化学组分主要受水岩作用控制。离子比值法分析表明研究区碳酸盐岩以及蒸发岩的风化溶解是河水水化学的主要控制因素,且存在硅酸盐类矿物的风化。     

应用氢氧同位素方法研究兰州市傍河水源地地下水水体的形成和循环机理

本文通过测定水中氢氧同位素的变化来对兰州市傍河水源地地下水体的形成和循环机理进行分析探讨。分析了兰州市马滩水源地水质恶化的程度,探讨了恶化的原因。对其工作原理及方法作了较详尽的论述。     

科罗拉多河水排放终止后加利福尼亚湾北部沉积作用

科罗拉多河排放沉积物几乎完全终止后 ,加利福尼亚湾北部处于沉积物断源条件。对此区域 114个表层沉积物样品的结构和矿物学分析表明 ,这种状况使得沉积物源的改变在向此区域补充沉积物和制约沉积物组分特征方面起着更为重要的作用。根据利用 Q/ F比值和样品的重矿物及粘土矿物含量进行的多元数据分析 ,区分为 4个沉积区 :科罗拉多河三角洲区、康塞普西翁河区、过渡区和下索诺拉区。科罗多拉河三角洲区为此区域主要沉积物分布区 ,限于加利福尼亚湾北部西侧 ,沉积物源地为科罗拉多河三角洲构造 ,沉积物再循环以及科罗拉多三角洲和上加利福尼…     

更正

古人有“圣人出，黄河清”的梦想和“万山不隔中秋月，千年复见黄河清”的企盼。古时人们没有生态环境的概念，对河清现象并非从自然的角度去探究，而是作为“祥瑞”来看待，着重在“圣人出”。按其本意是，河清现象的出现，表示有圣人出生了。     

贵州乌江水系的水文地球化学研究

乌江水系河流的水化学组成代表了典型碳酸盐岩地区河流的相应化学组成,显示了与世界主要河流不同的水文化学特征: 河水含有较高的溶质浓度,河水水化学组成以Ca2+ 和HCO3- 为主,其次为Mg2+和SO42- , Na+ + K+ 和Cl- + Si分别只占阳离子和阴离子组成的5%～10%。这表明乌江流域河水中水化学组成主要来源于碳酸盐风化,硅酸盐、蒸发盐风化对水中溶质的贡献很小,农业活动、开矿和工业污染对水体化学组成有一定影响。      

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.     

水资源计算评价中的两点质疑

河水基流量是地下水资源量,应从地表水径流量中扣除.灌溉水回渗补给地下水量已转化为地下水,具有二次开发利用的功能,应包括在总水资源中,不应将其视为重复量,从总水资源中扣除.