遥感地质学教学改革3W原则及支撑创新创业训练的探索

在地球大数据与空间对地观测技术飞速发展的时代背景下,遥感地质学课程需要紧密围绕培养创新型人才、服务全球可持续发展开展教学改革与评估.本文以中国海洋大学为例,提出可具推广性的教学改革与评估3W原则,即为什么要开课(Why)、讲什么内容(What)、时间如何安排(When),并探讨了近年来遥感地质学课程建设与毕业设计选题在支撑大学生创新创业训练方面的作用与成效.     

哀牢山-红河剪切带的热年代学研究——多重扩散域模式的应用实例

洛弗拉等人(1989)把Dodson(1973)建立的单一扩散域模式扩展成矿物扩散域不连续分布的模式,即多重扩散域模式,与之对应具有某一封闭温度范围,因此利用单个K-长石矿物样品可以揭示更长时间段上的冷却过程。对云南哀牢山-红河剪切带的K-长石样品(FA-2-1)进行40Ar/39Ar同位素分析,利用多重扩散域模式,揭示在距今约20～19Ma问该带存在一快速冷却过程,这与西藏南部曲水地区快速抬升的时间是一致的     

下扬子区大隆组的底界

<正> 下扬子区大隆组化石丰富、牙形刺动物群以 Neogondolella subcarinata-N.chang-xingensis组合为特征,与长兴组一致;而菊石动物群既有长兴阶的Pseudotirolites,Ple-uronodoceras,Tapashanites分子,又有吴家坪阶的 Anderssonceras,Konglingites分子。郭佩霞同志协助笔者对江苏南京湖山、团山、安徽铜陵杨桃山、南陵丫山、泾县晏公     

220 ka以来萨拉乌苏河流域地层磁化率与气候变化

 萨拉乌苏河流域滴哨沟湾剖面磁化率变化结果表明:近220 ka来我国北方气候变化极不稳定,存在着不同尺度的频繁变化,特别是寒冷气候阶段变化尤为频繁,其中倒数第二次冰期存在5个气候旋回,末次冰期存在10个气候旋回。这些气候变化与深海氧同位素、极地冰芯反映的全球变化具有良好的对应关系,反映了该区气候变化与全球变化的一致性。控制本区气候变化的主要因素是全球冰量变化及太阳辐射影响的东亚季风变化。     

Heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the Second Songhua River

The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations （A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na） in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc.     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.     

山东淄博煤矿大口径超深基岩排水孔钻井技术

由于第四系、二叠系、石炭系岩性复杂及缩径、坍塌、漏失等情况，山东淄博煤矿大口径超深定向排水孔成井难度大。该井采用了水泥注浆堵漏和水泥造壁稳定孔壁，应用“气举反循环＋垂钻”钻进工艺方法控制钻孔顶角，应用阶梯式组合牙轮钻头、水泥固井止水等技术方法，达到了设计要求。     

10th International Riversymposium ＆ International Conference on Environmental Flows 3-6 September, 2007

Please mark your calendars and plan to attend this event! This event will bring together world experts - practitioners, lawyers and policy experts, scientists, sociologists, economists, and others representing project-based efforts, national perspectives, and global insight - to provide a holistic view of river management and environmental flows. It will showcase practices from throughout the world, provide opportunities for networking, and advance common knowledge related to the themes and sub-themes of this conference.     

珲春地区东北虎保护现状调查

珲春地区位于我国与俄罗斯、朝鲜交界地带，自古以来就是有名的“鸡鸣闻三国，犬吠惊三疆”的金三角，由于它与俄罗斯滨海边疆区南部地区和朝鲜庆兴、罗津地区有着相同的自然地理条件，且与俄罗斯的三个自然保护区相连，已经成为东北虎、远东豹及被捕食动物自由迁徙的生态通道，是国家一级保护动物野生虎最重要的生活区域之一。