地球表层形态分析的定量注记

地球的表面形态结构,是一种随机型的空间分布格局。本文企图以某种定量的、预测的方式,对于此种格局加以理论上的归纳。分别应用力能学分析和统计学分析两种完全不同的思考方法,获得了地球表层的海拔高度上限约21km。这一基本理论问题的合理解决,将使地球表层的一系列基本特性如动力学参数、热力学参数、行为学参数、系统学参数等有更加精确和更加严谨的表达。在此基础上,作者又从理论上推演了地球表层高度-面积分布的宏观趋势,并将其计算的结果与实际统计的结果进行对比分析,取得了比较满意的总体检验。     

近风化带开采条件下基于GIS的工程地质决策模型

在进一步明确工程地质模型涵义的基础上,提出煤矿采动破坏的多因素工程地质模型并采用多因素GIS拟合建立模型,实现开采上限决策.试采验证了上述研究方法的合理性.     

保护多年冻土路基中存在的问题和对策

Ways of strengthening railway embankment basis on ice-rich permafrost are characterized by regulating cooling and warming factors for preservation of the basis in constantly frozen condition (with the help of snow removal, painting, sun-precipitation shed, cross-section cooling pipes, the film cover,and the longitudinal cooling device) or removing icy masses preventively from the basis and filling the cavities simultaneously with not subsiding soils (with use of jet geotechnology). Skilled-experimental development are shined on the basis of new ways of strengthening embankment basis on ice-rich frozen soils.     

青藏铁路多年冻土工程地质勘察

The effective and assured measures in criteria of formulation, procedures, techniques and methods for geological prospecting of Qinghai-Xizang Railway have been made. The permafrost engineering geological investigation indicate the talik and those sections with annual average ground temperature higher than 1 ℃ takes up 68.8% of total amount; the high ice content permafrost also account for 50% of real permafrost section. The distribution of permafrost characteristics is obviously influenced by altitude and latitude. The prospecting also shows the distribution of permafrost characteristics is rather complicated. Based on two predications of air temperature-rising tendency, by calculating climate model of permafrost thermal status, and comparing and analyzing geological distribution of Qinghai-Xizang Railway, the tendency of permafrost recession range has been predicated.     

植被和气候对阿拉斯加和加拿大北部北极苔原地区多年冻土活动层厚度的影响

The active layer is the top layer of permafrost soils that thaws during the summer season due to increased ambient temperatures and solar radiation inputs. This layer is important because almost all biological activity takes place there luring the summer. The depth of active layer thaw is influenced by climatic conditions. Vegetation has also been found to have a strong impact on active layer thaw, because it can intercept incoming radiation, thereby insulating the soil from ambient conditions. In order to look at the role of vegetation and climate on active layer thaw, we measured thaw depth and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; a proxy for aboveground plant biomass) along a latitudinal temperature gradient in arctic Alaska and Canada. At each site several measurements of thaw and NDVI were taken in areas with high amounts of vegetation and areas with little to no vegetation. Results show that the warmest regions, which had the greatest levels of NDVI, had relatively shallow thaw depths, and the coldest regions, which had the lowest levels of NDVI, also had relatively shallow thaw depths. The intermediate regions, which had moderate levels of NDVI and air temperature, had the greatest depth of thaw. These results indicate that temperature and vegetation interact to control the depth of the active layer across a range of arctic ecosystems. By developing a relationship to explain thaw depth through NDVI and temperature or latitude, the possibility exists to extrapolate thaw depth over large scales via remote sensing applications.     

青藏铁路涵洞试验工程研究

通过青藏铁路涵洞试验工程的修筑和地温、变形、气温等相关项目的测试, 经过对一个冻融循环过程观测数据以及针对试验工程中出现相关问题的综合分析, 基本掌握了涵洞工程冻土问题的关键所在, 提出了合理的建议和处理措施.     

昆仑山隧道施工期间围岩冻融圈的初步研究

结合青藏铁路昆仑山隧道的设计、施工及科研情况, 参考昆仑山隧道施工期间的气温、地温测试资料, 对多年冻土隧道冻融圈的大小、变化规律进行了初步的研究分析.     

多年冻土地区隧道涌水量的估算方法研究

文章归纳总结了一般山岭隧道涌水量计算方法,并根据多年冻土地区隧道的特殊性,提出了多年冻土地区隧道涌水量计算应该分段进行的原则,同时根据热传导原理,提出了昆仑山隧道最大涌水量的计算公式.     

青藏高原多年冻土顶板温度和温度位移预报模型的应用

温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度是活动层研究和冻土环境研究中重要的能量指标. 主要讨论国外普遍采用的温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型的适用性, 并在青藏公路沿线8个冻土地温监测断面中应用模型进行计算. 结果表明温度位移和多年冻土顶板温度近似模型能够被用于预报低温多年冻土(年平均地温低于-1.5 ℃), 对于高温多年冻土(年平均地温高于-1.5 ℃)该模型不适用.     

潘谢矿区水文地质特征与缩小防水煤柱机理

淮南潘谢矿区年总设计生产能力为 2 10 0× 10 4t。区内第四系松散层厚 16 9～ 437m ,为巨厚松散强含水层 ,设计留设80m防水煤岩柱 ,防水煤柱储量达 6× 10 8t。通过开展缩小防水煤柱试采研究工作 ,将原设计留设的 80m防水煤柱减小到6 0m左右 ,局部仅 40m。本文通过总结潘谢矿区 10年来缩小防水煤柱工作面成功的开采实践 ,比较系统地阐述了潘谢矿区水文地质特征、覆岩破坏规律及缩小防水煤柱机理。