黄河口及其毗邻海区底质中重金属的分布规律及季节性变化

Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni) in the sediment from Huanghe River Estuary and the adjacent areas were analyzed using Model WFX-IA AAS. The eoneentrationsof these elements are: Cu 9-32ppm,Pb 24-44ppm,Zn 41-105ppm, Mn 500-700ppm, Fe 2.1-3.0%, Cr 50-71ppm, Ni 24-72ppm. There are relatively close correlations among the distribution of the heavy metals, suspended materials and salinity. The distribution of heavy metals in summer are similar to that in winter, except Pb. It is believed that the higher concentration results from the increasing of water discharge,silt content and the decreasing of particle size in the summer. Pb is easily absorbed and carried in the suspended materials,which, perhaps, is another reason that the concentration of Pb is higher in summer.     

海州湾淤泥质海滩剖面堆积过程的计算模式

分别于1986年12月和1985年3月1日—1987年3月1日在海州湾进行了波浪和含沙量观测，运用所获资料以及本区长期水文、地形资料，采用流体力学、沉积学和泥沙运动力学相结合的研究方法，建立了海州湾淤泥质海滩剖面堆积过程的二维计算模式。结果表明，在堆积型淤泥质海滩，由于浮泥的经常性存在，使波浪急剧衰减，其对岸滩的作用甚为微弱，潮流成为塑造淤泥质海滩的主要动力，岸滩在淤涨过程中，在平均高潮位厂沿和平均低潮位附近出现两个凸点，上一个凸点外推速率大于下一个凸点，潮下带变化缓慢。     

中印度洋海盆的火山灰层和浮石与锰结核的关系

中印度洋海盆生物硅质沉积区的锰结核有三种主要核心类型：(1)蚀变火山灰层碎块；(2)长英质浮石；(3)固结的残余沉积物(红粘土类型)．结核中的形态变化是由于核心的形成、堆积过程(成岩或水成成园堆积)和结壳厚度所造成的．     

冰层厚度传感器及其检测方法

水结冰和冰融化过程中的电阻、电容、温度物理参数与被检测冰表面以上的空气层或冰下水层的电阻、电容、温度有一定的差异,有些差异在数值上比较明显。基于这一特点,笔者提出了利用空气、冰与水的物理特性差异实现对冰层厚度及冰下水位接触式检测的新思路,对含有导电杂质的冰、冰-水混合物、水、空气的电阻、电容特性随温度的变化规律进行了初步分析,并得到冰的弱导电性质和冰与水的电容区间单调特性,据此提出了冰层厚度传感器结构及其冰厚检测原理,介绍了新型冰层厚度传感器在实践中的应用。     

Main Controlling Factors on Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Distribution in Marine Sedimentary Sequences in South China

Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays.     

晚新生代亚洲干旱气候发展与全球变冷联系的风尘沉积证据

在干旱气候背景下常常有风尘物质的释放和传输,风尘沉积被认为是干旱环境变化良好的地质记录。在亚洲中部和中国北方,大面积的干旱区被沙漠戈壁覆盖,这些地区是粉尘物质的重要源地,释放的风尘物质影响局地和区域环境,并通过参与生物地球化学循环等影响更大空间尺度的气候变化。因此,亚洲中部干旱气候的形成和演化以及发展趋势一直受到重视。长期以来,关于晚新生代亚洲中部干旱气候发展的驱动机制至少有两种解释:一是青藏高原的隆升控制着亚洲中部的干旱化过程,随着高原的阶段性隆升亚洲干旱气候逐步增强;二是晚新生代全球变冷直接驱动着亚洲变干,全球变冷是主导因素。中国黄土高原及其周边地区堆积的黄土-红粘土序列是指示亚洲干旱化过程良好的地质记录,通过对新获得的风尘堆积记录的分析,发现在晚新生代中国风尘堆积的时空演化与全球变冷有较好的对应,全球变冷可以促使亚洲中部干旱气候发展并加强粉尘活动,而青藏高原隆升的幅度和时间还不清楚,进而认为是全球变冷而不是青藏高原隆升直接驱动亚洲内陆的阶段性变干。基于这些结果,我们认为以前关于青藏高原隆升影响全球气候的结论可能高估了青藏高原在地球环境演化中的作用,关于高原隆升直接驱动亚洲干旱化的结论还需要检验。     

垣曲盆地最高阶地风尘堆积形成时代及其构造意义

对垣曲盆地原土坪阶地剖面进行了详细的沉积学和磁性地层学研究,结果表明,原土坪剖面地层自下而上由水下河湖相-漫滩相-风尘堆积构成,整个剖面记录了一个水位下降、由水下沉积环境转变为气下环境的连续堆积过程。剖面地层记录的1.84～1.62MaB.P.期间由河湖相沉积环境转变为典型风尘堆积的沉积转型及风尘堆积反映出的1.21MaB.P.前后古气候变化事件是对青藏高原青藏运动C幕和昆黄运动的区域沉积响应。开始于1.62MaB.P.的典型风尘堆积底界年龄代表了该级阶地的形成时代,表明该段黄河至少在此时已经形成。     

夹层厚度对瑞利面波频散曲线的影响

文章以弹性波横波速度为参数,利用瑞利面波频散曲线的快速标量传递算法进行正演模拟计算,系统研究软弱层厚度对瑞利面波基阶模频散曲线的影响,分析和总结了频率与相速度（f-c）、频率与波数（f-k）、深度与相速度（h-c）等瑞利面波基阶模曲线随软弱层厚度变化的规律。     

高密度电法在西气东输施工道路料场勘查中的应用

高密度电法是一种高效率、高精度的勘探技术,近年来在工程勘壹领域中的应用越来越广泛。对高密度电法勘探的应用现状及应用领域进行了简要的总结,介绍了高密度电法勘探的基本原理及MN-B三极测量装置系统的工作方法。结合西气东输施工道路料场勘查,对MN-B三极测量装置系统的数据采集、数据处理、地质解释和存在的问题进行了详细的论述与探讨。结果显示,高密度电法在西气东输管道施工道路天然建筑料场的勘查中显示出了较多的优点,取得了较好的效果,对于快速料场勘查、确定料场有用层的厚度、准确地计算料场储量具有不可替代的作用。     

非均匀月壤介质的被动微波辐射传输模拟

基于非均匀月壤物理模型和辐射传输方程,模拟月壤介质中的微波辐射传输特性,探讨频率、月壤厚度等与月表亮温的关系。结果表明:在低频段,月壤微波辐射亮温的动态变化范围较大,可探测的月壤厚度大,3 GHz时的最大可探测月壤厚度达12.4 m;在高频段对应的可探测月壤厚度较小,特别是从50GHz往后的频率段内,最大可探测月壤厚度均小于2 m。不同频率的亮温-厚度变化曲线没有交叉点,且频率越高,所能探测的月壤厚度越小。根据模拟结果,建立了月壤厚度与亮温的查找表。基于查找表,利用单个波段的亮温数据即可得到月壤厚度信息。