Seismogram Analysis and Fitting of Three Earthquakes,West Papua,Recorded at Stations ENH and KMI,China

The S wave velocity structure of the earth below Eastern Southeast Asia has been investigated by analyzing the seismogram from surface wave to multiple depth waves in the time domain and three Cartesian components simultaneously. The wave passes across the front area of subduction zone between the Philippine plate and the Asian plate. The main data are waveform comparisons, instead of the arrival times. The synthetic seismogram is calculated using the GEMINI method. The synthetic seismogram constructed by PREMAN global earth model deviates greatly from the measured one. To solve this problem, corrections are needed for the β speed structure. Corrections cover the gradient change of βh, which turns from negative to positive in upper mantle layers as in the PREMAN, change of earth crust depth and change of zero order coefficients of β velocity function in all earth mantle layers. So, the fitting is obtained, as well as the arrival time or the waveform of Love and Rayleigh surface waves, the S wave and the repetitive depth waves ScS2 and ScS3. This result reveals that the Southeast Asia, being stretched due to tectonic release, has a mantle in some parts with negative anomaly of S wave velocity and vertical anisotropy in all earth mantle layers.     

天山地震带强震活动特征

利用周边国家天山地震目录、中国天山地震目录及USGS地震目录,对天山地震带强震活动的时、空分布特征进行了分析讨论。结果表明,在研究时段内,天山地震带的强震在空间分布上有西强东弱、西密东疏且在40°〈φN〈42°范围出现强震的空白区并存在特殊的易发震地区。强震在南、北天山之间有往复迁移的特征,并在迁移的过程中有单发-双发-群发,但未出现过单发迁移后出现群发的过程。在时间分布上有较明显的周期特征及南、北天山交替发生的特征。在强度上,7级以上地震主要沿天山构造带分布,而6级地震不但有沿天山分布的还有沿斜切天山带的次级构造分布的,且6级以上地震出现高频地区,集中在东经77°±1°的天山地区。     

Sediment accumulation of Dianchi Lake determined by 137Cs dating

The water quality of Dianchi Lake declines quickly and the eutrophication is getting serious. To identify the internal pollution load of Dianchi Lake it is necessary to evaluate its sediment accumulation. Sedimentation rates of Dianchi Lake are determined by ¹³⁷Cs dating. However, ¹³⁷Cs vertical distribution in sediment cores of Dianchi Lake has special characteristics because Dianchi Lake is located on the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Kunming quasi-stationary front is over the borders of Yunnan and Guizhou where the specific precipitation is distributed. Besides 1954, 1963 and 1986 ¹³⁷Cs marks can be determined in sediment cores, a ¹³⁷Cs mark of 1976 representing the major period of ¹³⁷Cs released from China unclear test can be determined and used for an auxiliary dating mark. Meanwhile Dianchi Lake is divided into seven sections based on the water depth, basin topography, hydrological features and supplies of silt and the lakebed area of each section is calculated. The mean annual sedimentation rates for seven sections are 0.0810, 0.1352, 0.1457, 0.1333, 0.0904, 0.1267 and 0.1023 g/cm²a in 1963–2003, respectively. The gross sediment accumulation of the lake is 26.18×10⁴ t/a in recent 17 years and 39.86×10⁴ t/a in recent 50 years. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40771186; The Key Project of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.5022505 Author: Zhang Yan (1962–), Ph.D and Associate Professor, specialized in environmental change.     

广州城市化进程中郊区农民迁移意愿分析

以广州市10村为例,采用因子分析法对郊区农民的迁移意愿进行分析.结果表明,在城市化进程中,郊区农民进城的意愿不强,小城镇和卫星城是主要的拟迁目的地.因子分析发现,农民愿意进城的主要动因是城乡预期收入、失地压力、城乡预期生活收益、养老和望子成龙的心理,而乡土情结和小农心理、城乡意识淡泊、预期就业风险和搬迁成本、预期生计成本、农村既得权益等则是阻碍农民进城的主要动因.推进城市化的政策制定应充分考虑影响农民迁移意愿的因素.     

横向沙丘气流平均速度变化规律的风洞模拟

在沙丘动力系统中,存在沙丘形态、气流、沙粒运移三者之间复杂的相互作用。通过风洞实验的方法,针对不同形态的6组横向沙丘模型,采用粒子图像测速系统,测量了模型沙丘周围气流水平速度和垂直速度的变化规律。实验结果表明,横向沙丘迎风坡水平气流存在1.28～1.89之间的加速率,垂直气流存在上扬趋势,这二者均有随沙丘迎风坡坡度增大而增大的趋势。在横向沙丘背风坡,由于气流的分离,水平气流速度减小并出现反向,其大小约为自由风速的17％;垂直气流速度存在下沉趋势,其最大沉速出现在气流重附点附近;背风坡气流速度的变化受沙丘迎风坡坡度影响较小,受自由风速的影响较大。沙丘对气流速度的改变在近地层较为显著,随着高度的增加地形影响逐渐减小。     

科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及季节动态

通过对中国农牧交错带科尔沁沙质草甸土壤微生物数量的垂直分布及其季节动态的研究分析表明:(1)微生物总数、细菌和放线菌数量均表现出与降雨量同步的季节动态,即6月份较5月份有所减少,7月份增至最多,7月份以后微生物数量逐渐下降,真菌则表现出从5月份到8月份一直增加,9月份开始回落;(2)土壤微生物具有明显的垂直分布差异.细菌和放线菌的垂直分布表现出随土壤深度增加逐渐减少的趋势,真菌数量表层最高,20 cm以下变化不够规律;(3)土壤微生物的层化比率均大于2(5月份放线菌除外);(4)不同土壤生态因子对微生物的影响不同,相同因子对不同微生物类群的影响也不相同.细菌受水分影响较大,真菌与地温的变化趋势相近,放线菌与水热条件的共同作用有关.土壤养分(有机碳和全氮)与微生物数量呈显著的正相关.     

邵武-河源断裂带中段重磁、垂直形变场特征及其与地震的关系

综合利用流动重磁和流动跨断层短水准复测资料, 分析了邵武-河源断裂带中段重磁场和地壳形变场的时空强变化特征.结果表明:地磁场的变化与监测区的地震活动有较好的对应关系,在震源区附近会出现重力场变化的异常梯度带;断裂两盘垂直形变受区域断裂控制,其差异性变化有指示局部地区孕震活动的作用.     

首都圈地区现今地壳垂直形变特征

利用首都圈地区1998、2001、2005、2007年151期精密水准复测资料,分析该区近十年来地壳垂直形变状态与动态特征。结果表明,形变场以继承性运动为主,即山区上升、盆地及平原下降。值得注意的是首都圈西部地区等值线分布密集有序,有些象限图形特征,东西升,南北降,其最大差值为10mm／a,可能预示该区应力场处于逐步积累及有所加强的势态,虽然异常形变数值及所涉面积均较小,但仍需跟踪关注。     

基于DEM的三峡库区垂直形变场格林函数法模拟

利用全球免费的高精度DEM数据——SRTM数据,依据Farrell提出的质量负载产生的地壳形变理论,计算三峡库区3次蓄水后的垂直形变。结果表明,库区垂直形变分布严格遵守三峡库区新增库容,形变量随离岸距离增加急剧衰减,最大值出现在香溪段,坝区次之。     

北京上空对流层和下平流层重力波谱统计特性

利用北京市观象台2002年1～12月气球无线电探空观测的垂直高度分辨率为50m的温度观测数据,研究1．67—8．02和13．57～19．92km高度区间归一化温度扰动垂直波数谱,并将它们和线性饱和模式比较．结果表明,单个垂直波数谱的谱斜率和谱振幅存在相当大变率,这和线性饱和理论的预期不一致．然而,在对流层的不同季节和不同地方时观测的平均垂直波数谱显示了很好的类似,即谱斜率非常接近于理论值-3．0,谱振幅和浮力频率的4次方成比例关系,认为对流层季平均谱很好地遵循线性饱和模式,并且在目前是唯一的．相反,在下平流层,平均垂直波数谱的谱斜率与理论值有较好的一致,但观测谱的谱振幅却明显偏离了线性饱和模式的理论预期值．这些观测的平均谱在目前也是唯一的．从对流层和下平流层的平均谱得到的盛行垂直波长在2．1—3．2km之间,与文献中报道的结果大致相同．