“大气的运动”一节的“问题链”

“问题链”是教师为了实现一定的教学目标,根据学生的已有知识或经验,针对学生学习过程中将要产生的困惑,将教材知识转换成为层次鲜明、具有系统性的一系列的教学问题;是一组有中心、有序列、相对独立而又相互关联的问题。教学中的“问题链”,一问接一问,一环接一环,环环紧扣,步步深入,由此及彼,就像一根链条,把疑问和教学目标紧紧地连在一起,对学生学法的形成有较强的导向作用,是促进学生理解和掌握知识,发展学生的思维能力,     

“失败”的地理实验也是教学成功之母

案例实验一：为验证水平运动物体偏向,笔者请学生做这样的实验,将家中水池放满水后,拔除塞子,观察水向中心汇聚流出时,水流漩涡的方向。按照预计的实验检测目的,是想得出水平运动的物体所受的地转偏向力的影响,在北半球应为逆时针流向。     

地理观测突破地球运动难点

陶行知先生认为：课内获得的知识是“闻知”“说知”,实践获得的知识是“亲知”,“亲知”是根本,“闻知”“说知”要结合在“亲知”上,才能成为“真知”。以往的地理教学往往过于“重结论、轻过程”,这使学生的思维和个性发展受到限制。     

白鹤滩水电站初始地应力场研究分析

金沙江下游拟建的白鹤滩水电站上接乌东德梯级,下邻溪洛渡梯级,是继三峡和溪洛渡之后又一座千万千瓦级的水电站。白鹤滩水电站采用地下式厂房,其厂房的高度和跨度分别为78.5 m和32 m。为了保证地下洞室群围岩的稳定性,需要准确掌握初始地应力场的方向和大小。依据地质构造作用和现场实测方法分析发现,白鹤滩水电站左、右岸的初始地应力场,由于受到河流侵蚀和岸坡卸荷等因素影响,两岸厂区的地应力场方向在局部产生一定的偏转,从该地区的NWW方向变为NE方向,通过数值反演方法对计算区域的边界条件进行回归,与实测值比较确定回归边界条件的合理性和准确性。     

考虑斜拉索刚度、垂度、阻尼的非线性运动方程研究

随着斜拉桥跨径的快速增长,斜拉索的长度也大大增加,斜拉索是斜拉桥的主要受力构件,其在外荷载作用下经常引发大幅振动,这样就降低了斜拉索的寿命或造成拉索的破坏,因此研究斜拉索的非线性运动方程对解决振动问题具有实际工程的意义。本文在考虑斜拉索非线性静平衡曲线、抗弯刚度、粘滞阻尼影响的斜拉索平面内非线性振动的基础上,建立了斜拉索非线性运动方程。采用Galerkin法解耦了斜拉索非线性运动方程,并运用Runge-Kutta法对其自由振动和周期强迫振动两种情形进行了求解,最后,通过对该索的理论计算数据与原型仿真数据的对比分析,可知上述非线性方程比传统的线性方程更精确。本文的研究为今后斜拉索的非线性分析及其振动控制奠定了一定的理论基础。     

大连开发区大小窑湾港址区域及场地稳定性研究

本文在分析区域地质新构造运动、地震及工程地质资料的基础上,对大连经济技术开发区大小窑湾港址的区域及场地稳定性作了研究,认为该区属次不稳定区,对场地而言,缓丘,红粘土砾石段和粘性土等地段为稳定性较好的地段。     

风雪共同作用下膜结构雪压分布规律的数值模拟研究

对膜结构在风雪共同作用下的雪压分布规律进行了数值模拟研究。首先采用两相流原理对雪漂运动中的空气相和雪相分别进行了数值建模,然后采用CFD数值模拟技术,研究了在风雪共同作用下双坡型膜结构表面的雪荷载分布规律,分析了双坡型膜结构的重要几何参数变化时,雪漂及屋面雪荷载分布的变化规律,总结了双坡型膜屋面在风雪共同作用下的雪压分布规律。结果表明,屋面倾角和屋面宽度是影响风雪共同作用下膜结构表面雪压分布的重要因素,檐口高度和屋面长度是影响膜结构表面雪压分布的次要因素。本文研究为更安全、经济地进行膜结构的抗风雪设计、施工提供了可靠的科学依据。     

A neural network based methodology to predict site-specific spectral acceleration values

A general neural network based methodology that has the potential to replace the computationally-intensive site-specific seismic analysis of structures is proposed in this paper. The basic framework of the methodology consists of a feed forward back propagation neural network algorithm with one hidden layer to represent the seismic potential of a region and soil amplification effects. The methodology is implemented and verified with parameters corresponding to Delhi city in India. For this purpose, strong g...     

Characteristics of horizontal ground motion measures along principal directions

<正>Ground motion records are often used to develop ground motion prediction equations(GMPEs) for a randomly oriented horizontal component,and to assess the principal directions of ground motions based on the Arias intensity tensor or the orientation of the major response axis.The former is needed for seismic hazard assessment,whereas the latter can be important for assessing structural responses under multi-directional excitations.However,a comprehensive investigation of the pseudo-spectral acceleration(PSA) and of GMPEs conditioned on different axes is currently lacking.This study investigates the principal directions of strong ground motions and their relation to the orientation of the major response axis, statistics of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane,and correlation of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane.For these,three sets of strong ground motion records,including intraplate California earthquakes,inslab Mexican earthquakes,and interface Mexican earthquakes,are used.The results indicate that one of the principal directions could be considered as quasi-vertical.By focusing on seismic excitations on the horizontal plane,the statistics of the angles between the major response axis and the major principal axis are obtained;GMPEs along the principal axes are provided and compared with those obtained for a randomly oriented horizontal component;and statistical analysis of residuals associated with GMPEs along the principal directions is carried out.