保障饮水安全维护生命健康

我国是地方病流行较为严重的国家，地方病分布广泛，受害人口较多。由于自然环境影响。地方性砷中毒、地方性氟中毒、克山病、大骨节病以及地方性甲状腺肿等．在“老少边穷”地区及部分农村地区仍很严重。无疑，地方病严重影响了当地人民群众的生命健康和正常生活．并严重阻碍了建设小康社会的步伐。     

四平地区生态地质环境的研究

通过对四平地区生态地质环境的调查，对该区水、土壤、大气、区域稳定性、生态资源、地层条件、放射性、矿藏、地方病、旅游地质及垃圾等进行环境现状综合评价。利用ISODATA模糊聚类分析法对该区的生态地质环境质量进行了分区。并利用面积加权法计算出该区的生态地质环境质量评价结果为中上等水平。     

Fluorosis and arsenicosis： An update

Endemic fluorosis, caused by excess fluoride in water, is widespread in the arid and semiarid tracts of India. This disorder is of recent origin and developed due to certain faulty water management practices. After Eager reported ‘dental mottling＇ among emigrants from Pozzuli in Italy in 1901, several such reports came from all over the world. From 3 works published independently from Pennsylvania, Arizona and South Africa in 1931, it was known that this disorder is caused by drinking water containing over 1 mg/L fluoride during formation of permanent teeth among children.‘Skeletal fluorosis/Osteofluorosis＇, affecting bones and joints among adults was reported by Moeller and Gudjonsson in 1932 due to accumulation of fluoride in hard tissues by drinking water with over 7 mg/L fluoride for several years. In course of time fluorosis has been reported in over 22 countries from all over the world. Fluorosis spreads now among 67 million people in the entire arid and semiarid tracts of India. The work of National Institute of Nutrition of India at Hyderabad in 1977 revealed the spread of endemic ‘genu valgum＇ （knock-knee） crippling lower limbs right from childhood in association with fluorosis in most parts of India. Although preliminary work revealed that genu valgum is caused by drinking waters poor in calcium and rich in molybdenum, efforts these disorders by supplying low-fluoride water should be taken up to know its exact cause to the communities could not so eradicate The governmental efforts to eradicate the problem.     

吉林省通榆、乾安县承压地下水氟污染的原因及其防治对策

本文针对吉林省通榆、乾安县潜水高区下部第四系承压地下水氟含量升高,引起氟地主病重新抬头的环境水千文地质问题,分析了氟升高的原因,主要是研发第四系承压地下水的过程中含水层顶板的大规模破坏,使高氟潜水下窜,污染了深层压水所致。对防治对策进行了探讨,提示人们在水资源开发过程中应保护开采层的地球化学环境,从违背自然的主观意识所造成的恶果中肖取教训。     

肇源地下水勘查供水示范项目通过野外验收

由省地质环境监测总站承担的“肇源县地方病地下水勘查与供水安全示范项目”日前通过野外验收。     

三峡库区地质背景对土壤元素分布的影响及地方病效应

利用多目标地球化学调查方法,通过野外实地调查、大面积系统采集土壤表层样品、测试分析、数理统计,探讨了三峡库区灰岩母岩区与泥岩母岩区两种不同母岩条件下土壤中52个元素的含量分布特征。结果表明:三峡库区灰岩母岩区土壤元素富集而泥岩母岩区土壤元素贫乏,As、Br、B、Sb、C、F、I、Li、Mo、CaO等元素在灰岩母岩区土壤中含量大于泥岩区2倍以上。泥岩母岩区土壤元素含量比灰岩母岩区高的元素仅有Ba、P、Sr、Na₂O、SiO₂。元素分布的差异与三峡库区的地氟病与克山病分布关系密切,地氟病高发区主要分布于灰岩母岩风化形成的高氟土壤区,克山病则主要发生于泥岩母岩风化形成的低硒土壤区。地质背景对地方性疾病具有明显的区域控制作用,研究成果为三峡库区农业及城乡的合理规划布局提供了参考依据。     

浅谈新疆地方病及相关水文地球化学概况

新疆境内地方病种类多、分布广、危害重。但属于水文地球化学成因的则主要有地甲、克汀、氟中毒、砷中毒和伽师病。地甲病遍布全疆,据1982年统计,85个县中仅有11个县患病率低于3%属非病区,其余的县分别属中、重、特重病区。地理位置几乎都在山前倾斜平原     

浅层高氟地下水元素的组分存在形式与地方性氟病之关系

对邢台山前平原浅层高氟地下水中Ｆ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ的组分存在形式与地方性氟病患病率之相关性研究结果表明，Ｆ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ元素对地方性氟病之影响不仅取决于Ｆ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ的总浓度，而且与各种元素在地下水中的组分存在形式密切相关。元素的给分存在形式不同，对地方性氟病的影响不也不。根据患病率与ａＭｇＦ＾＋成正相关，与ａＦ＾－／ａＭｇＦ＾＋成负相关，以及浅层高氟地下水中ＭｇＦ＾＋活度高的异常情况可以说明ＭｇＦ＾＋对