地壳变形的突变性与地震短期预报

地震短临预报是极其困难的科学问题之一 ,尽管国内外地震学者们开展了大量的工作 ,但取得的实质性进展不大。因此 ,深入研究地震孕育过程 ,探索地震短临预报新方法是一项富有挑战性而又艰巨的任务。突变是指系统在短时间内发生的巨幅变化。在许多重大地震前 ,都能观测到这一现象 ,因而 ,突变可能是地震的重要前兆。为研究地壳变形突变与地震的关系 ,本文从以下 4个方面进行了深入的工作 :1根据近一二十年来的大量实测资料分析重力、形变、地下流体等在中强地震前发生的突变性异常现象及其特征 ,着重研究它们在时空域内的差异性及其联系 ,为…     

庐山星子群变质岩的变质作用P-T条件研究

对分布于扬子块体南缘古元古代星子群变质宏的变质作用研究表明，它们普遍经历了角闪岩相的变质，其变质温度为480℃-580℃，压力在300MPa-500MPa之间。这与扬子块体南缘其他元古代地层仅经历了轻微变质的事实截然不同，表明星子群变质岩具有独特的构造演化历史。越来越多的研究发现，星子群变质岩是由地壳伸展作用引发的、来源于下地壳的前寒武纪变质基底，它并不是来源于华夏块体的“飞来峰”。     

宁南汤家坪地壳形变异常的调查研究

根据宁南汤家坪流动水准、基线测量出现的重大异常，进行了野外实地考察。发现点位是稳定的；A点与B、C点之间是跨断层的；但原始选点报告所提供的断层产状与作者实测的断层产状有一定的偏差。通过对相关资料分析，认为该场地的地壳形变异常是可靠的。并对其形成机理作了初步探讨。     

攀西微古陆块的变质演化与地壳抬升史

攀枝花-西昌(攀西)微古陆块是扬子陆块西部最古老的地体. 代表其下地壳的岩石为中基性麻粒岩, 相应的麻粒岩相变质作用发生于1186~1128 Ma. 在地质年代方面, 麻粒岩的形成可能与Rodinia超大陆中各微古陆块汇聚的碰撞造山作用有关. 麻粒岩的角闪岩相退变质作用时代为877~825 Ma, 在时间上与Rodinia超大陆裂解的时代相吻合. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和FT年代学研究表明, 自新元古代中至中生代, 古陆块的地壳垂直运动演化历史总体上表现为一种刚性地体的缓慢抬升过程. 新生代, 印度板块向欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞作用使青藏地块迅速隆起, 后者又向东作侧向挤压运动. 受此影响, 攀西微古陆块也快速抬升, 使得麻粒岩结晶基底最终出露地表.     

川西藏东地区的地壳P波速度结构

位于川西藏东地区的巴塘(竹巴龙)至四川资中深地震测深剖面,跨越松潘甘孜褶皱系,龙门山构造带和扬子准地台。本文根据沿测线爆破的记录截面图中各震相走时资料,结合相关的振幅信息,确定剖面二维P波地壳速度结构模型,分析川西高原和四川盆地的地壳上地幔结构的主要差异,并讨论测线上主要断裂带的深部特征,扬子地台与青藏高原的深部构造关系以及强烈地震发生的深部构造环境。     

上海及邻区的地壳形变速率与地震活动

对上海佘山地震台伸缩仪的数字记录资料进行去趋势以及地壳形变速率的分析表明：伸缩仪EW向在200l年5～7月存在破年变趋势异常，并且该测项的形变速率在2001年3～8月存在高于正常背景值的异常。结合GPS资料、应力场、地震活动性的情况分析后认为，佘山台的形变速率异常可反映上海及邻区应力场的部分信息，该信息对地震活动具有一定前兆意义。因此，应用形变数字化资料计算地壳形变速率，可作为对地层活动以及日常地震预测的一种分析方法。     

Crustal structure beneath the Songpan—Garze orogenic belt

The Benzilan-Tangke deepseismic sounding profile in the western Sichuan region passes through the Song-pan-Garze orogenic belt with trend of NNE.Based on the travel times and the related amplitudes of phases in the record sections,the 2-D P-wave crustal structure was ascertained in this paper.The velocity structure has quite strong lateral variation along the profile.The crust is divided into 5layers,where the first,second and third layer belong to the upper crust,the forth and fifth layer belong to the lower crust.The low velocity anomaly zone gener-ally exists in the central part of the upper crust on the profile,and it integrates into the overlying low velocity basement in the area to the north of Ma‘erkang.The crustal structure in the section can be divided into 4parts:in the south of Garze-litang fault,between Garze-Litang fault and Xianshuihe fault,between Xianshuihe fault and Longriba fault and in the north of Longriba fault,which are basically coincided with the regional tectonics division.The crustal thickness decreases from southwest to northeast along the profile,that is ,from62km in the region of the Jinshajiang River to 52km in the region of the Yellow River.The Moho discontinuity does not obviously change across the Xianshuihe fault basesd on the PmP phase analysis.The crustal average velocity along the profile is lower,about 6.30 km/s.The Benzilan-Tangke profile reveals that the crust in the study area is orogenic.The Xianshuihe fault belt is located in the central part of the profile,and the velocity is positive anomaly on the upper crust,and negative anomaly on the lower crust and upper mantle.It is considered as a deep tectonhic setting in favor of strong earthquake‘s accumulation and occurrence.     

Aseismic negative dislocation model and deformation analysis of crustal horizontal movement during 1999——2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block

Through numerical simulation for GPS data, aseism/c negative dislocation model for crustal horizontal movement during 1999-2001 in the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block is presented, combined with the spatial distri-bution of apparent strain field in this area, the characteristics of motion and deformation of active blocks and their boundary faults, together with the place and intensity of strain accumulation are analyzed. It is shown that: a) 9 active blocks appeared totally clockwise motion from eastward by north to eastward by south. Obvious sinistral strike-slip and NE-NEE relative compressive motion between the blocks separated by Qilianshan-Haiyuan fault zone was discovered; b) 20 fault segments (most of them showed compression) locked the relative motion between blocks to varying degrees, among the total, the mid-east segment of Qilianshan fault (containing the place where it meets Riyueshan-Lajishan fault) and the place where it meets Haiyuan fault and Zhuanglanghe fault, more favored accumulation of strain. Moreover, the region where Riyueshan-Lajishan fault meets north boundary of Qaidam block may have strain accumulation to some degree, c) Obtained magnitude of block velocities and locking of their boundaries were less than relevant results for observation in the period of 1993-1999.     

强震造成的活动地块地壳形变差异探讨

20 0 1年 11月 14日发生在昆仑山口西的 8 1级地震 ,在地表产生了长度大于 35 0km的破裂带 ,最大水平位移 6m左右 ,为左旋走滑断层。在昆仑山口西 8 1级地震周围不同活动地块内不同构造部位布设的GPS基准站对地震的响应存在明显的差异。其中位于柴达木活动地块内部的德令哈基准站在地震的当天观测到 7 5mm的同震位移 ,位于川滇活动地块西南边界带的下关基准站在震后 3d发生了 6 8mm以上的明显位移 ,而位于同一地块内部的昆明基准站和位于祁连山活动地块内的西宁基准站、位于拉萨活动地块内的拉萨基准站震时和震后都没有产生明显的位移。GPS基准站的观测资料表明 ,强震所处的活动地块和其相邻活动地块对强震有明显的响应 ,如果相隔一活动地块 ,则受强震的影响较小 ;在活动地块内 ,活动强烈的边界带或其它活动较强的部位对强震引起的地壳形变的响应明显大于活动强度较弱的部位 ;强震对相邻活动地块影响的差异 ,主要与强震所处活动地块运动时对其产生的作用方式的差异有关