The effect of acid deposition on base cation cycling in a karstic-forested catchment： Evidence from strontium isotopes

Bedrock weathering and atmospheric deposition are the two primary sources of base cations （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋） to forest ecosystems. Therefore, the key problem is to understand the relative inputs from these two sources and the cycling in the ecosystem. This study focuses on the effects of acid deposition on cation cycling in a small-forested karstic catchment in Guizhou Province. Sr isotope ratios were used as a tracer for understanding the transport process between the different cation pools： rock, soil, surface water, atmospheric deposition and plant. The samples of wet deposition, total deposition, throughfall, surface and ground waters, vegetation, and soil were monthly collected. The exchangeable Sr^2＋ and Ca^2＋ in soil samples were extracted by using 1 M ammonium acetate. The leaf-tissue samples were ashed at 550℃, and the residue was digested in ultrapure HClO4 and HNO3. All water samples were filtrated through 0.45 μm aperture filter paper. Base cation concentrations and Sr isotopic composition were analyzed for all the samples. The results show that acid deposition （average pH 4.9） frequently occurred in the studied region. Cation abundance follows an increasing manner from rainwater, throughfall, to surface water or ground water samples, suggesting that acid deposition at first eiuviates Ca^2＋ , Mg^2＋ and Sr^2＋ from leaf, then the exchangeable cations from soil, and at last cations accumulate in surface water or ground water.     

励精图治,凝聚先辈心智；继往开来,展现探矿风采

中国地质大学（武汉）探矿工程科学在老一辈探矿科学家和全国同仁的大力支持下，经过50多年努力和发展，已成为我国探矿工程人才培养的重要阵地和科学研究的生力军。我校现从事探矿工程科学研究与人才培养教职工人数近百人，其中，俄罗斯外籍院士2名，教授20名，博士生导师10名。并聘请了刘广志院士、苏义脑院士、王达、耿瑞伦、高德利、孙清德、杨建林等为兼职教授。设5个本科专业：勘查技术与工程（原钻探工程）、     

Hydrogeochemical controls on surface and groundwater chemistry in naturally acidic, porphyry-related mineralized areas, southern Rocky Mountains

In southern Rocky Mountains, catchments characterized by acidic, metalliferous waters that are relatively unaffected by human activity usually occur within areas that have active or historical mining activity. The US Geological Survey has utilized these mineralized but unmined catchments to constrain geochemical processes that control the surface- and ground-water chemistry associated with near surface acid weathering as well as to estimate premining conditions. Study areas include the upper Animas River watershed, Lake City, Mt. Emmons, and Montezuma in Colorado and Questa in New Mexico. Although host-rock lithologies range from Precambrian gneisses to Cretaceous sedimentary units to Tertiary volcanic complexes, mineralization is Tertiary in age and associated with intermediate to felsic composition, porphyritic plutons. Pyrite is ubiquitous. Variability of metal concentrations in water is caused by two main factors： mineralogy and hydrology. Parameters that potentially affect water chemistry include： host-rock lithology, intensity of hydrothermal alteration, sulfide mineralogy and chemistry, gangue mineralogy, length of flow path, precipitation, evaporation, and redox conditions. Springs and headwater streams have pH values as low as 2.5, sulfate up to 3700 mg/L and high dissolved metal concentrations （for example： Al up to 170 mg/L; Fe up to 250 mg/L; Cu up to 3.5 mg/L and Zn up to 14 mg/L）. With the exception of evaporative waters, the lowest pH values and highest Fe and Al concentrations occur in water draining the most intense hydrothermally altered areas consisting of the mineral assemblage quartz-sericite-pyrite. Stream beds tend to be coated with iron floc, and some reaches are underlain by ferricrete. When iron-rich ground water interacts with oxygenated waters in the stream or hyporheic zone, ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron, which is less soluble, leading to the precipitation of iron oxyhydroxides.     

新近沉积粉细砂层地基的试验与评价

通过对邯郸市某车间地基的勘察．分析和探讨了新近沉积粉细砂地层的勘察手段、其物理力学性质，及其利用载荷试验确定承载力的标准取得了较为满意的结果，提出的一些分析方法，对新近沉积的粉细砂地层的勘察具有一定的借鉴作用。     

华东铀资源潜力分析及危机矿山接替资源勘查工作设想

华东地区铀成矿条件良好,铀资源丰富,经过近50年的铀矿勘查,探明了大量的铀资源/储量,目前全国保留的八大铀矿山中华东有三个,每年给国家提交一定量的铀资源。随着我国核电的快速发展,铀资源的需求日趋紧迫,立足铀资源国内的原则必须继续寻找南方硬岩型铀资源。作者在总结调查报告成果的基础上,从全局的高度出发,分析了华东铀资源开采、利用现状及铀资源潜力,在实地考察华东三大铀山铀资源开采、利用情况的基础上,初步分析了资源危机程度,提出了华东铀矿山接替资源勘查工作意见。     

国务院关于加强地质工作的决定

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：地质工作是经济社会发展重要的先行性、基础性工作，服务于经济社会的各个方面。贯彻党的十六届五中全会精神，全面落实科学发展观，构建社会主义和谐社会，对地质工作提出了新的更高的要求。为了全面增强地质勘查的资源保障能力和服务功能，促进地质工作更好地满足经济社会发展的需要，现作出如下决定。     

关于印发《加强地质资料社会化服务的若干规定》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市国土资源厅(国土环境资源厅、国土资源和房屋管理局、房屋土地资源管理局、国土资源局)、保密局,各有关单位:为提高地质资料社会化服务水平,促进矿产勘查和开发工作,现将《加强地质资料社会化服务的若干规定》印发你们,请遵照执行。     

关于申报2005年度矿产资源补偿费矿产勘查项目的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市国土资源厅(国土环境资源厅、国土资源局、规划和国土资源局、国土资源和房屋管理局、房屋土地资源管理局),中国地质调查局、各工业地勘部门(总公司):根据国务院第150号令、财政部和国土资源部《矿产资源补偿费使用管理办法》(财建〔2001〕809号)及国土资源部《矿产资源补偿费勘查项目管理暂行办法》(国土资发〔2003〕71号)有关要求,现就申报2005年度矿产资源补偿费矿产勘查新立项目有关事项通知如下:一、指导思想、立项原则与工作重点2005年度矿产资源补偿费矿产勘查新立项目继续按照《矿产资源补偿费矿产勘查工作五年…     

早涝碱咸综合治理与生态环境良性循环

华北平原东部淡水资源短缺，旱涝碱成灾害限制了农业生产的可持续发展。海河的治理，解决了排洪排涝排咸出路。春季开发利用地下水包括微咸水和半咸水抗旱灌溉。夏季利用伏雨洗盐排咸，增大降雨入渗，减少径流流失，防治渍涝灾害，把降雨转化为地下水资源。秋冬引蓄河水，回灌地下水补源。以土壤与潜水的地层空间作为调节大气降水、土壤水、地下水、地表水的地下水库，以调控地下水埋深在临界动态为指标，最大限度地把时空分布不均的天然降雨转化为可持续利用的水资源。地表水地下水联合运用，促使水资源采补平衡，降雨灌溉淋洗脱盐强于干旱蒸发积盐过程，地下水淡化强于矿化过程。实现旱涝碱咸综合治理，水土资源可持续利用，经济社会可持续发展，生态环境良性循环。     

建筑施工中地下水的利用和保护

通常建筑施工中对地下水的处理方法为:根据建筑需要进行降水施工,抽取地下水,降低地下水位,抽取的地下水一般排入市政下水管道.本文提出在建筑施工中可以充分使用地下水,减少抽取量,并合理使用抽取的地下水.并对某一工程实例进行了模拟计算,说明合理利用地下水具有良好的经济效益和社会效益.