基于多特征的高分辨率遥感图像分析

为克服传统的基于像元的遥感图像分析的局限性,提出基于多特征的高分辨率遥感图像分析方法,并以北京地区亚运村的城市土地利用的识别检测为例对该方法进行相应的阐述.     

动态监测变化信息提取

在土地利用遥感动态监测变化信息提取过程中,利用自动发现方法得到的变化图斑灰度值是分布在一定范围内的,为了能高效地提取出区域变化信息,利用Photoshop图像处理技术,将变化图斑及其背景二值化,并利用本文提出的似四邻域边界矢量化算法进行自动矢量化处理.然后,对比其它方法处理得到的变化信息对提取的矢量边界进行编辑处理,提高数据室内处理精度.     

植被状态指数VCI与几种气象干旱指数的对比——以河南省为例

使用1982-2006年GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据集与同期的CI、K、Pa、SPI、Z、PDSI等干旱指数做了对比分析, 讨论了河南省植被状态指数VCI对气象干旱的滞后效应及干旱监测能力. 结果表明: VCI指数与气象干旱指数的相关性受不同下垫面的影响较大, 农地的VCI与气象干旱指数相关性要明显高于林地, 农地VCI与气象干旱指数呈现正相关关系. 在河南省不同的作物生长阶段, VCI对气象干旱有着不同的滞后效应, 其中, 3-5月份冬小麦生长期VCI对气象条件的反应滞后1~3个月, 7、9月份夏玉米生长期VCI对气象条件的反应滞后1月. 总体上看, 结合前期的气象数据, VCI对河南省气象干旱有一定的指示作用和监测能力.     

土地利用数据综合方法的研究进展

对有关土地利用数据综合方法的研究成果进行综述,主要回顾国内外在土地利用数据综合操作方面的理论规则、约束条件、算法等,并展望土地利用数据综合的未来研究方向。     

综合景观格局与经济指标进行土地利用二维尺度分区——以青海省为例

运用空间统计分析方法综合表征土地利用特征的景观格局指数和社会经济指数进行土地利用分区.经过指数降维、筛选指数因子进行系统聚类,在聚类分区方法的选择上,经过反复验证选定标准欧氏距离-加权平均法和明科夫斯基-加权平均法两种最佳匹配算法.将聚类结果合并分区,将青海省土地划分为4个区,各区地类景观和经济水平相异,分析结果对指导青海省土地利用合理规划开发意义重大.     

城市扩张下的北京平原区降雨入渗补给量变化

结合WetSpass模型与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)、遥感(remote sense,RS)技术分析了城市扩张引起的土地利用类型变化对北京平原区降水入渗补给量的影响.在估算出1982年和2007年降水入渗补给量的基础上,将2007年土地利用类型还原成1982年的情景重新估算,利用转移矩阵分析两年土地利用类型的相互转化关系,同时,基于GIS空间数据统计功能,计算出不同土地利用类型下的地下水补给量.结果表明,1982年至2007年,研究区内水浇地减少874 km2,其中517 km2转变为城镇建设用地.相对于1982年,2007年城镇建设用地扩张了831 km2,区内降水入渗补给量减少约3 000万m3.研究成果可以为北京平原区的地下水资源保护及土地资源配置提供较为科学的参考.      

Evapotranspiration Estimation Based on MODIS Products and Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land （SEBAL） Model in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

In this study,the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL) model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) products from Terra satellite were combined with meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration(ET) over the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Land cover/land use was classified by using a recursive partitioning and regression tree with MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) time series data,which were reconstructed based on the Savitzky-Golay filtering approach.The MODIS product Quality Assessment Science Data Sets(QA-SDS) was analyzed and all scenes with valid data covering more than 75% of the Sanjiang Plain were selected for the SEBAL modeling.This provided 12 overpasses during 184-day growing season from May 1st to October 31st,2006.Daily ET estimated by the SEBAL model was misestimaed at the range of-11.29% to 27.57% compared with that measured by Eddy Covariance system(10.52% on average).The validation results show that seasonal ET from the SEBAL model is comparable to that from ground observation within 8.86% of deviation.Our results reveal that the time series daily ET of different land cover/use increases from vegetation on-going until June or July and then decreases as vegetation senesced.Seasonal ET is lower in dry farmland(average(Ave):491 mm) and paddy field(Ave:522 mm) and increases in wetlands to more than 586 mm.As expected,higher seasonal ET values are observed for the Xingkai Lake in the southeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain(Ave:823 mm),broadleaf forest(Ave:666 mm) and mixed wood(Ave:622 mm) in the southern/western Sanjiang Plain.The ET estimation with SEBAL using MODIS products can provide decision support for operational water management issues.     

论遥感影像在土地更新调查中的应用

随着经济建设的发展,原有的土地利用变更手段比较落后,精度难以保证,基础资料已经无法做到图、数、实地相一致,实践证明,利用SPOT-5高分辨率遥感影像进行土地利用现状更新调查是一种行之有效的手段。本文主要应用大同市新荣区的遥感影像,建立起了土地利用现状图的解译标志,为土地利用数据库的建立作好准备。并利用SPOT-5的2.5m全色数据和l0m多光谱遥感影像的融合数据,集合外业、内业土地更新现状调查的数据,采用了监督分类及目视解译的方法,完成了土地更新调查的基本图件,充分显示了遥感技术在土地利用详查中所发挥的作用。应用遥感技术则可以快速获得土地利用和土地覆盖的动态变化信息。     

珍惜土地资源节约集约用地——纪念第23个全国土地日

在深入贯彻党的十八大精神,实现中华民族伟大复兴"中国梦"的新形势下,我们迎来了第23个全国土地日.为全面落实中央提出的节约优先战略,建设资源节约型社会,增强全民节约集约用地意识,提升节约集约用地水平,今年全国土地日的主题确定为"珍惜土地资源,节约集约用地".     

Analyzing land-use change in farming-pastoral transitional region using autologistic model and household survey approach

Land change science （LCS） strives to understand and model land-use change, which will further advance the understanding of multiple issues in the socio-ecological systems. Based on GIS/RS techniques, autologistic model, and household survey method, this study investigated major land use changes and their causes from 1978 to 2008 in Uxin Banner （county-level）, Inner Mongolia in China and then developed an understanding of the relationships between household livelihood and land-use pattern. Results showed that cultivated land increased from 1988 to 2000, and leveled offafter 2000. Built-up land increased stably for the period 1978 2008. The change of grassland and bare land differed among the three periods. From 1978 to 1988, grassland increased by 23.3%, and bare land decreased by 20.48%. From 1988 to 2000, bare land expanded by 1.7%, but grassland declined by 1.3%. From 2000 to 2008, an increase in grassland area by 1.8% was observed, but a decrease in bare land area by 9.0% was witnessed. The autologistic models performed better than logistic models as indicated by lower Akaike Information Criterion （AIC） values. Factors associated with human activities significantly correlated with the change of cultivated land, forest land, grassland, and built-up land. The produce prices and extensive cultivated land use are major issues in the farming area. This study suggests that completing land circulation systems and maintaining the stability of price are effective solutions. By contrast, reclamation and overgrazing are major concerns in the pastoral areas. Implementing environmental policies effectively, transferring population out of rural pastoral areas, and developing modem animal husbandry are effective ways to address these issues.