大庆市规划区土壤污染特征及评价

土壤污染具有隐蔽性、潜伏性和长期性。土壤重金属污染基本上是一个不可逆转的过程。大庆市规划区土壤污染主要表现为石油烃类和重金属元素污染。     

Ultrasonic-assisted condensation of chitosan with salicylaldehyde

In order to synthesize an improved adsorbent for heavy metal ions, we studied the condensation reaction of chitosan with salicylaldehyde in ethanol to form a Schiff base. The effect irradiating the reaction using an ultrasonic liquid processor was contrasted with conventional methods. The IR spectra of condensed chitosan prepared by the two methods showed that their molecular structures were identical. The reaction conditions, including solvents, ultrasonic power density and irradiation time, pH, and reactant ratio, were optimized by orthogonal design. A shorter reaction time and a higher product yield were obtained using ultrasonic-assisted synthesis compared with the traditional method. A condensation degree of 89.63% was achieved using the optimized conditions: i.e. ultrasonic irradiation at 180 W for 60 min; 95% ethanol as the solvent, pH 4.0, and salicylaldehyde:chitosan ratio of 6:1.     

BPM载频产生器的研制

介绍BPM短波投时台新的载频产生器的设计与实现。该BPM载频产生器以原子颁标的5MHz标频信号为参考，利用频率合成技术，产生出供发射机使用的2．5MHz、5MHz、10MHz、15MHz和20MHz五种高准确度的载频信号。这些信号既能单独输出，也可利用面板控制或遥控选择输出。为了保证系统的可靠性，来用了两冗余结构。并设置了必要的报警与指示。     

直接数字频率合成技术在声学释放器中的应用

直接数字频率合成技术(DDS)是一种新的频率合成方法,它具有转换时间短、相位变化连续、全数字可编程等优点.文中介绍了ADI公司生产的AD7008芯片作为频率信号源在声学释放器中的应用.     

人类移动数据生成方法：研究进展与趋势探讨

人类移动行为与交通、传染病、安全应急等现实应用息息相关。尽管现代信息和通信技术发展使得采集大规模个体移动定位数据成为易事,但涉及个人隐私又存在冗余、缺失和噪声的原始轨迹数据在实际中的可得性和易用性仍有很大局限。通过建模方式生成个体轨迹数据和群体移动数据,使其在统计层面接近并在应用层面可替代真实数据,是值得尝试的解决思路。本文面向个体轨迹数据生成和群体移动数据生成两大研究主题,将生成方法分为基于机理模型的方法和基于机器学习的方法,对其研究进展进行了系统总结,并探讨了其发展趋势和所面临的挑战。本文提出,未来人类移动数据生成方法研究需要多学科深度交叉共同探索人类移动行为底层机制、关注机理模型与机器学习耦合建模、借助生成式人工智能与大语言模型前沿技术、平衡生成数据可用性与隐私保护效果、强调空间泛化与迁移学习能力、控制模型训练与使用成本等。本文认为,人类移动过程是典型的人地交互过程,地理信息科学应在吸纳计算机科学、统计物理学、复杂性科学等多学科理论方法的基础上,充分发挥本学科特色,将空间依赖、距离衰减、空间异质性、尺度等地理空间效应显式纳入建模过程,提升模型性能及合理性。     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

合成斜方辉石系列的红外光谱研究

在30kbar和900℃条件下,用等化学计量氧化物混合物合成了11个斜方辉石系列的样品,并对合成的样品进行了X射线粉晶分析和红外光谱分析。分析结果表明,晶胞参数和红外光谱随化学成分的改变而产生复杂的变化。不仅晶胞参数b和M而且频率ν_(670cm)-1和M之间存在很好的线性相关关系,通过用最小二乘法所拟合的相关方程可容易地测定斜方辉石的成分,但是α和c与M之间只有较差的线性关系,而ν_(450cm)-1和M以及ν_(380cm)-1和M之间并无简单的线性相关关系,这可归因于Fe~(2+)在M_1和M_2位置的有序分布。     

收发信机中的单片微机控制系统研制

研制了收发信机中的单片微机控制系统。采用８０３１作为ＣＰＵ，通过键盘、显示接口芯片８２７９，可以人工输入各种指令并可显示输出各种结果。控制系统能够产生收发信机所需的频率编码，通过频率合成器产生所需频率。系统具有预置频率、检错，断电保护等多种功能。     

合成磷灰石的去氟机理研究

用固相反应法和sol-gel法合成了不同类型的磷灰石（AP），并采用TEM、XRD、IR、BET比表面积法及静、动态吸附等方法研究了不同AP的比表面积、结晶度、晶胞参数、结晶尺寸、晶格缺陷度、Ca/P摩尔比和煅烧温度等与吸氟能力的关系，结果表明：结晶度高、晶粒大的AP有较小的吸氟量，属表面单分子层化学络合吸附机理；酸活化的AP有较大的吸氟量，属溶解-沉淀与沉淀物表面纳米尺寸效应吸附的复合去氟机理；具纳米尺寸的HAP在常温、常压、无二次污染、小于11mg/L的低含氟浓度废水中且不酸化情况下有较大吸氟量，属纳米尺寸效应吸附机理。     

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite X obtained from kaolin for adsorption of Zn（Ⅱ）

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of low-silica zeolite X, from calcined Kalabsha kaolin, for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesis processes is performed under hydrothermal treatment in alkaline solutions. The obtained zeolite samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, surface area, and SEM. The critical molar ratios of both SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O are about 2.9 and 0.16, respectively. Those ratios are needed to give individual low silica zeolite X in a minimum reaction time. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized products is determined by adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from solution. The results suggest that the zeolite obtained could be converted to a beneficial product, which will be used in future as an ion exchanger in removing heavy metals from wastewaters.