A mesoscale analysis of heavy rain caused by frontal and topographical heterogeneities on Taiwan Island

The prevailing mesoscale model MM5 (V3) is used to simulate a heavy rain case caused by interaction between a move-in front and topographical heterogeneities on Taiwan Island. It is found that both thermodynamic and dynamic fields along the front are heterogeneous in time and space. The heterogeneity becomes more significant as the effect of topography is added on. The heterogeneous distribution of physical variables along the front is the main reason for the heterogeneous frontal rain band; the optimum cooperation of the low level and upper level jet is another reason for the development of the rain band.Topography can strengthen the rainfall and causes extremely heavy rain cells. Updraft induced by topography extends to a rather low level, while the uplifted air by frontal circulation can reach to higher levels.The quasi-steady topographic circulation overlaps the frontal circulation when the front moves over Taiwan Island; the advantageous cooperation of various mesoscale conditions causes the large upward velocity on the windward side of the island.     

气候万千山势奇美景观靓丽的斯堪的纳维亚山脉揽胜

东部背风坡呈温带大陆性气候西部沿海迎风坡呈温带海洋性气候北部大部分呈亚寒带大陆性气候东北部北冰洋沿岸呈寒带苔原气候斯堪的纳维亚山脉,也叫"舍伦山脉",旧译"基阿连山脉"。是欧洲北部的山脉,位于斯堪的纳维亚半岛的东南部,纵贯半岛。北起巴伦支海,西傍挪威海,南临斯卡格拉克海峡,东濒波罗的海海岸平原。整个山脉平均海拔在1,000米左右。最高峰挪威的加尔赫峰,海拔2,468米。斯堪的纳维亚山脉曾受古代冰川侵蚀,地势比较