东北地区二叠纪沉积特征及原型盆地分析

东北地区二叠系分布广泛,沉积相类型主要为半深海相、滨浅海相、滨浅湖相和半深湖相等。早二叠世-中二叠世东北地区主要处于大陆边缘浅海沉积环境,面积大,沉积中心位于南部温都尔庙-西拉木伦河东西向条带区。晚二叠世东北地区为大型坳陷型盆地,东北地区各缝合线均已闭合,随着地壳抬升,海水退出,大部分地区为陆相沉积,局部有残留海相沉积,总体上具有从早二叠世到晚二叠世由海相向陆相逐渐转变的规律。西拉木伦河缝合带对晚古生代沉积起控制作用,在二叠纪整个缝合带由西向东逐渐拼合,直至晚二叠世,两板块拼合完成,闭合时间具有西早东晚的特点。     

钓鱼岛隆褶带物质构成及东海西湖凹陷原型盆地东边界再认识

古近系原型盆地的恢复是关乎西湖凹陷主要勘探层系花港组和平湖组沉积体系和成藏地质研究的关键问题,对西湖凹陷东缘钓鱼岛隆褶带构造演化的合理认识是解决古近纪原型盆地难题的钥匙.受限于研究区薄弱的资料基础,创新性地通过重、磁、震资料综合分析以获取地质认识上的突破.研究表明钓鱼岛隆褶带早期为"东海陆架外缘隆起"的一部分,后期经历了强烈的岩浆增生改造.在结构上,隆褶带内T20界面之下主要由古老变质基底、岩浆岩体和残余洼陷充填层构成.隆褶带内的残余洼陷及地层具有北东向、雁列式分布的特征,这些地层主要为渐新世岩浆增生改造前沉积的始新统平湖组,局部为渐新统花港组,是古近系西湖凹陷原型盆地东缘残留的一部分.西湖凹陷古近系原型盆地东边界位于现今的钓鱼岛隆褶带范围内,为北东向雁列式分布的断裂,断裂之间存在不同类型的变换过渡.在钓鱼岛隆褶带岩浆增生过程中,岩体顺边界断裂上涌,"淹没"了原型盆地边界,原型盆地东缘地层经受了大规模隆升剥蚀,原有的构造面貌和形态发生了极大的变化.      

沱沱河盆地古近纪-新近纪盆地演化及青藏高原隆升的沉积响应

通过对青藏高原腹地沱沱河盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积序列、区域不整合面、岩性特点及分布特征等分析研究,认为沱沱河盆地古近纪-新近纪沉积由下而上可分为沱沱河组、雅西措组、五道梁组和曲果组4个向上变浅序列,构成两个完整的陆相造山磨拉石建造序列.盆地分析表明,古近纪-新近纪沱沱河盆地经历了前陆盆地演化阶段(56.5～45.0 Ma...     

四川海相原型盆地的建设与改造

我们把沉积盆地的演化分为建设期和改造期两大阶段,并提出原型盆地恢复的两项主要任务为:重塑盆地建设期的种种特征(包括盆地边界、沉积环境、大地构造背景等)和研究盆地改造期的构造演化特征.对四川海相原型盆地原始边界的地震层析成像研究表明,其结晶基底的北界位于秦岭-大别山造山带下,西北界在松潘-甘孜造山带下,西界和西南界大致与...     

日本原型产地矿物种名称的中文译名

截至2008年,日本原型产地的矿物种数共计118种,其中87个是具有人名或地名意义的矿物种名,而这些矿物的现中文译名则多采用化学成分名称命名,未能体现原作者的定名原则,与IMA-CNMNC关于新矿物的命名规则也不相符合.本文根据日文的人名与地名,依据日文汉字翻译的习惯译法,列举了这87种矿物的英文名称、日文名称、原命名依据和现中文译名,并列出了新的推荐使用的中文译名.     

湘西黔东下、中寒武统沉积环境

本文论述了对湘西黔东地区早、中寒武世的碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑沉积的分析研究结果,着重探讨了控制该区陆表海沉积层序的各种动力因素。在研究区内,4种垂向层序均具有向上变浅的旋回性。早寒武世晚期的藻丘缓斜坡与中寒武世的鲕粒陡斜坡上的沉积动力学特征为:滨岸正常波浪潮汐流,滨岸及内陆棚的风暴营力,垂直于古岸线的大规模地滑和重力流,沿古岸线及斜坡的等深流。沉积小旋回的成因系构造断块的脉动,而盆地边缘的海退序列则由板块相对扩张、海平面变动及碳酸盐岩自身成长所控制。     

ECOLOGICALLY STRATEGIC POINTS IN LANDSCAPE AND SURFACE MODEL

Various processes occur across a landscape, including ecological processes such as the movement of species, the flow of nutrients, the spread of fire and other disturbances, and the diffusion of pollutants, economic processes such as land conversion for agricultural production, marketing of new product, transportation and immigration; political and diplomatic processes such as the construction of political influence sphere at local, national and global scale. At the fact of limited space and resources on the surface of the earth, a generic issue regarding these processes across the landscapes is: how to control (promote or retard) the processes efficiently, namely using less energy and space for a bigger influence sphere. The overall assumption for this issue is that, there are some positions and portion in a landscape that may have critical influence on a certain process across the landscape. These critical positions in a landscape are called strategic points. Occupancy of these strategic points may give a process the momentum of controlling and covering the landscape more effectively, due to their quality of; Initiative, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of leading the game; Co-ordlnation, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of forming an overall influence sphere; Efficiency, occupancy of these points may give the process the advantage of having a bigger coverage of the landscape while costing less energy. By identifying and using these critical positions and portions in the landscape, therefore, may unproportionately increase the efficiency of controlling this process. It is further assumed that, in order to take control of the landscape, the process has to overcome a certain resistance. A resistance surface can therefore visualize the dynamics of the process itself. The resistance surface resembles a topographic surface, indicating where the process (flow) diverges or converges. It is, therefore, possible to identify strategically important positions or portions in a landscape that may have important influence on the dynamics of the process. Assuming species movement across a landscape is a competitive gaming process of control and coverage against some resistance, this paper discusses a methodology of identifying strategic points according to the properties of resistance surfaces which resembles a gaming board as well as a topographic surface. Three types of resistance surfaces are discussed: The archipelago type: where lower resistance islands are surrounded by higher resistance matrix, representing such landscapes as agricultural fields dotted with native forest patches. The network type: where the lower resistance portions form a linear network surrounded by higher resistance matrix. The plateau type: where, areas with higher resistance are surrounded by lower resistance matrix. Accordingly, five types of strategic points are identified in terms of their locations. They are strategic points at saddle points , at intersections, at the center, at an edge and at a corner. Strategic points for biodivershy conservation are minimax points in a given resistance surface associated with the dispersibility of a certain species. A case study is used to illustrate the methodology. The rules leading to the strategic points are largely hypothetical, though supported by a limited number of observations. This approach may provide a framework and a new model of thinking for field observations of landscape ecology as well as landscape change.     

景观生态战略点识别方法与理论地理学的表面模型

本文讨论了如何根据景观阻力表面特征来判别景观生态战略点的方法,论述了三种类型的景观阻力表面;岛屿型、网络型和高原型。相应于各种阻力表面类型,得出五种景观战略点的空间位置：鞍部战略点．交汇处战略点,中央战略点,边缘战略点和角落战略点。     

大型陆相坳陷型沉积盆地原型恢复方法——以新生代柴达木盆地为例

陆相坳陷型沉积盆地通常发育在克拉通的内部差异沉降和裂谷盆地后期的热沉降等不同的大地构造阶段,是一类独特而又十分重要的沉积盆地。本文基于该类盆地的特点,提出了综合利用盆地沉积相、残余厚度图、区域构造大剖面及其平衡恢复等多方面资料对其盆地原型进行恢复的方法和流程,具体包括以残余沉积相恢复盆地原始边界、以平衡剖面恢复盆地原始形态、以关键钻井资料与平衡剖面相结合恢复原始沉积厚度。该方法消除了构造运动对盆地形态的改变,真正将盆地原型纳入到其原始形态框架下进行研究。本文还利用该方法对柴达木盆地新生代各地层沉积时的盆地原型分别进行了恢复,并据此对其新生代的沉积演化进行了分析,结果表明柴达木盆地新生代的沉积格局变化与阿尔金断裂的活动息息相关。     

基于XML的ARGO浮标数据交换原型系统

ARGO浮标是用于建立全球海洋观测网的一种专用测量设备。本文基于XML技术,设计了一个ARGO数据交换原型系统,以Internet为数据交换平台、XML为数据中介,实现了一种海洋数据的集成和交换关键技术方法。