鄂温克旗干旱、洪涝灾害期评定及预测方法

根据鄂温克旗1959—2008年气象历史资料,统一归类,并采用统计预报方法,简要评定预测出鄂温克旗50年来主要气象灾害之一的干旱、洪涝灾害期,为鄂温克旗防范旱涝灾害做参考。     

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with mei-yu torrential rainfall over eastern China during June 2011

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation data.Model domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall period.Prescribed ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first （9 June） and third （17-18 June） rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event （14 June）.The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third event.Both stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second event.An analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.     

冀东太平寨-娄子山太古宙麻粒岩相变质峰期流体研究

冀东太平寨-娄子山地区太古宙麻粒岩系变质峰期流体包裹体首次见于夕线石中,按形 态 和产状可分三类,均形成于峰期至其稍后阶段。它们成分相似。特征是:①富碳质,XC　O2+C　H4=0.64～0.93; ②含少量H2O,XH 2O=0～0.22,且与峰期矿物 组合平衡热力学计算的水活度(aH2O=0.04～0.31)和含量( XH2O=0.03～0.22)完全吻合; ③有时含一定量H2S和SO2; ④盐水溶液 中阴离子总量极低(0.12～0.61mol/L)。石英和石榴石中也有特征相同的这期包裹体。峰 期包裹体中C　O 2均一温度多数 为-28℃～-22℃,密度为0.96～1.06g/cm3,包裹体整体密度应稍高,相应的压力为0.60 ～0.70G Pa。流体的氧逸度lgfO2在-17～-15之间。峰期流体上述各种特征在空间上较 均匀,相邻的不同岩石类型中aH2O值相似,结合地质和原岩特 征分析,认为流体中C　O2可能为深部地幔来源,其成因与基性岩浆底侵及其结晶作 用有关。     

大湖塘矿集区燕山成矿阶段矿床成矿系列研究及找矿问题探讨

大湖塘矿集区位于赣西北九岭成矿带西北部位,区内燕山期岩浆岩侵入活动及成矿作用强烈。大湖塘燕山期岩浆岩形成时间分布在130.3 Ma~151.4 Ma之间,可划分为三次侵入:130.3 Ma~134.3 Ma、140.4 Ma~144.4 Ma、146.4 Ma~151.4 Ma;在144.4 Ma~146.4 Ma之间,岩浆活动处于休宁阶段。区内燕山期岩浆岩与矿床在形成时间上十分接近,空间关系上相互依存,并显示特定的分布格局。根据区内矿床的分布特点、产出位置、成矿时间、燕山期花岗岩与矿床的相关性等特征,可将大湖塘矿集区由北向南依次划分为W、Mo—W、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn—Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag三个成矿系列,并提出了"北钨南铜"的找矿观点。区内双桥山群与成矿,燕山期岩浆岩的起源,矿床等间距分布,以及重力勘探方面的研究应加强。     

广西芒场隐伏花岗岩体特征、成因及其含矿性

广西芒场隐伏岩体通过系统研究,其外部形态凹凸不平,呈现以北西向为主和北东两向展布的串珠状凸起;岩体划为A、B、C三次侵入,A次为中性玢岩属正常类型的次钙碱性岩,B、C次花岗岩属铝过饱和的钙碱性-钙性岩;C次花岗岩顶部具有似伟晶岩壳,可作为两次花岗岩先后侵位的重要标志;B次钾长石属中正长石系列,C次钾长石属低正长石-最大微斜长石系列,B、C次斜长石均属高钠斜长石;黑云母多为含锂铁叶云母;黑云母和长石是成矿物质的重要载体矿物;岩体成因类型属燕山晚期的壳源重熔岩浆型花岗岩(与大厂花岗岩同源)即S型花岗岩,岩体就位深度约为2.5-3km,属浅成相:隐伏花岗岩体是一典型的富含钨锡等多金属岩体,与本矿田锡多金属矿床的形成有密切的成矿关系。     

滇东南嘎机多金属成矿区变质岩锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

嘎机Pb-Zn-Cu多金属成矿区位于老君山穹窿状变形-变质岩系和花岗岩体的北部接触带上,属于滇东南W-Sn-Pb-Zn-Cu多金属矿集区的重要组成部分,是近年来新发现的、规模达到中型的多金属矿床。笔者在钻探工程基础上对矿区内隐伏的花岗片麻岩和石英片岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和原位Hf同位素研究。结果表明,花岗片麻岩锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（419.9±6.3）Ma,石英片岩锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为（411.0±11.0） Ma,指示其原岩形成于晚志留世—早泥盆世,具有同源岩浆演化特征,为区域加里东期岩浆活动的产物,后期均发生了变质作用。花岗片麻岩锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值在0.28243～0.28252之间,ε_Hf（t）=-3.4～0.3,石英片岩锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.28237～0.28253,ε_Hf（t）=-...     

Distribution and germination of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea

The abundance and temporal patterns of viable diatom resting stage cells in sediments of the East China Sea in 2006 have been investigated. The abundance of viable resting stages was enumerated with the most probable number (MPN) technique. Overall, 25 diatom species (including varieties) belonging to 16 genera were detected. Viable resting stage cells were common, on the order of 10³ to 10⁶ cells/g dry mass. The abundant taxa included Skeletonema marina, S. dohrnii, Chaetoceros curvisetus and Thalassiosira spp., with Skeletonema accounting for 83.3% of the cell. The effects of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25℃), salinity (20, 25, 30, 35 psu) and light intensity (0, 300, 4 000, 8 000 lux) on the germination of resting stages in sediment samples were also determined. The results showed that light intensity had a significant positive effect on the germination of diatom resting stage cells (p <0.01) and that diatoms could not germinate in darkness. Temperature and salinity had no noticeable effects on the germination. The present study suggests that there are abundant diatom resting cells in sediments of the East China Sea, which could serve as a "seed bank" in the phytoplankton population succession and contribute to the initiation of algal blooms.     

青藏高原低涡群发性与10～30天大气低频振荡关系的初步研究

通过统计1998年和2003年5~9月500 hPa高原低涡出现的时空位置和频数,确定出1998年和2003年的低涡群发期,着重讨论1998年夏季500 hPa相对涡度场、射出长波辐射(OLR)的10~30天低频振荡特征。结果表明:高原低涡的发生具有群发性特点,低涡群发期的出现具有周期性特征。低涡群发期与10~30天大气低频振荡有密切联系,尤其是10~30天振荡对低涡的群发具有重要影响。绝大多数高原低涡出现在10~30天大气低频振荡的正位相(气旋性)位相期和对流扰动的负位相(对流性)位相期,高原低涡群发期几乎都对应相对涡度10~30天振荡的气旋性位相期。10~30天大尺度正涡度的扰动为高原低涡的发生和维持提供了气旋性旋转的动力条件,促使高原低涡在扰动正位相期频繁发生,大气相对涡度的10~30天振荡对高原低涡的群发性具有重要的调制作用。青藏高原地区对流活动10~30天振荡的对流性位相是以低涡的群发为主要特征,高原低涡在对流位相期反复、连续地发生、发展,促使对流扰动活跃发展。