青藏块体及其周边地震活动

本文从青藏块体及其周边地区地震活动幕的划分入手,分析各期地震活动的图象特征,寻求本区地震发生的时空规律,探讨本区的地震活动与印度板块运动的内在联系,从而对今后本区地震活动的大形势进行了预测。     

印度与欧亚大陆碰撞构造变形数值分析

在全面考虑了大陆构造变形三重非线性特征的基础上，用动态有限元法研究了藏东对印度与欧亚大陆碰撞作用的大变形响应。数值模拟结果显示了明显的纵向收缩变形，变形主轴多具有顺时针转动的趋势，但横向位移在总体上并不显著。其最大值正位于红河和鲜水河断裂之间，这一结果论证了印度板块对欧亚大陆的碰撞可能是川滇菱形块体向南东运动的动力来源。红河、鲜水河、昆仑及阿尔金活断层在碰撞作用下发生了顺时针的旋转变形；而且，计算结果模拟出了红河断裂由左旋变为右旋，另３条断裂始终左旋的运动特征     

青藏高原-天山大陆内部地壳变形三维数值模拟研究

大量研究事实证明,板块相互作用除了在板块边缘产生地壳强烈变形外,其应变可以扩展到远离板块边界的大陆内部,对板块相互作用的远程效应以及大陆内部地壳变形的动力学机制目前仍然有争议.本文结合前人对大陆岩石圈流变学研究的知识和现代GPS观测结果,应用三维有限元数值模拟技术探讨了印度大陆向北推挤与青藏高原-天山地壳变形的动力学关系.模拟地壳的流变学用Maxwell黏弹性模型近似,印-藏的汇聚速度用大量GPS观测的速度边界约束,而欧亚大陆内的远程边界用弹簧约束.在重力方向上,模型考虑了重力加载和位于深部的静岩压力边界.通过大量模型的计算,在均一的地壳流变学框架下印-藏汇聚的应变使研究区内发生整体隆升;然而当考虑青藏高原,塔里木地块和天山等区域中地壳流变学可能存在的横向不一致时,可以发现印藏汇聚的应变经青藏高原吸收后可以跃过塔里木导致天山地区的强烈变形.这暗示新生代以来发生在天山地区强烈地壳变形的动力学可能与印-藏汇聚过程中青藏高原-塔里木天山一带岩石圈流变学存在横向不均一有关.这对我们进一步认识板块相互作用的远程效应和大陆内部岩石圈变形机制有一定理论意义     

再论印度与亚洲大陆何时何地发生初始碰撞

印度与亚洲大陆碰撞形成了喜马拉雅造山带.该造山带是当今固体地球科学研究的重点和热点,是建立新的大陆动力学理论的最佳天然实验室.印度与亚洲大陆碰撞时限是正确认识和理解该造山带形成与演化、高原隆升的动力学过程等的起点.近南北向陆陆碰撞的最直接证据是碰撞带两侧块体在古纬度上的相互重叠.本文拟通过对相关古地磁资料的分析,结合近年来在拉萨地块南缘林子宗群火山岩和沉积岩夹层上获得的最新古地磁结果,探索当今古地磁数据所限定的印度和亚洲大陆发生初始碰撞的时间和古地理位置.结果表明,拉萨地块林子宗群形成时期(约64~44 Ma)古亚洲大陆最南缘的古地理位置(~10°N)限定了印度与亚洲大陆的初始碰撞最可能发生在65~50 Ma之间;如果以由印度洋海底地形所限定的东冈瓦纳大陆裂解前的印度板块形状为大印度模型,则印度与亚洲大陆的初始碰撞很可能发生在60~55 Ma之间.     

书报述评

在斯托普士(Marie Stopea)未创用Vitrain字前五年,作者于一九一四年即曾推断煤中有光泽之带状物质系胶质体。以後作者又陆续发表文章三篇,以印度各煤田作研究资料,说明煤之比重与含灰量之关系,Vtrain 之比重与几及成分(Appr     

Permeable Reactive Barrier for the treatment of contaminated surface water in Katedan industrial development area, Hyderabad, India

Permeable Reactive Barrier （PRB） is an emplacement of inert material （s） in the subsurface, designed to intercept a contaminated plume, provides a preferential flow path through the reactive media, and transforms the contaminant into environmentally acceptable forms to attain concentration remediation goals at the discharge of the barrier. The phenomena, which help in remediation within PRB, are adsorption/sorption, precipitation, oxidation/reduction and biodegradation. Various materials like zero-valent iron, zero-valent bi-metals, natural zeolites, organic carbon, fly ash, zeolites, limestone, activated alumina, apatites, etc. have been tried by many researchers to remove organic and inorganic contaminants. In USA, Canada, and many European countries commercial full-scale and pilot scale PRBs are successfully working. The design and installation of full scale PRBs needs laboratory treatability and dynamic flow column experiments？ The concept of PRB is being applied to treat contaminated surface water in the Katedan industrial area, Hyderabad, India. National Geophysical Research Institute （NGRI）, Hyderabad, India, conducted systematic studies in collaboration with Norwegian Geotechnical Institute （NGI）, Norway, to develop PRB technique to decontaminate the surface water pollution due to industrial effluent. A site assessment study in the Katedan Industrial Area, were carried out and water, soil and sediment from the lakes of the area were found to be polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals like As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, etc. Adsorption studies at NGRI with synthetic samples and in-situ industrial effluent using different reactive media for removing contaminants like arsenic, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc have been carried out and yielded satisfactory results. The performance of zero-valent iron and limestone is encouraging in removing As,     

2001年1月26日印度7.7级地震

20 0 1年 1月 2 6日 ,印度西部发生一次大地震 ,当时正值印度全国庆祝共和日。这次地震对独立的印度来说 ,无疑是一次破坏极其惨重的地震。自地震发生后 ,救援人员一直在努力清理废墟 ,并从倒塌的瓦砾中救出可能的幸存者。政府也已承认这次地震给印度造成的损失惨重。科学家们认为 ,过去没有对这一地区进行过全面的研究 ,最近几年才开始对该地区的古地震活动性进行了一些研究。其中一项研究是在卡奇沼泽地进行卡奇地区的地震历史研究。这里有一份关于卡奇地震带形变特征的详细报告的摘要。 1 81 9年发生在印度西北部的卡奇地震 ,是最显著的…     

印度遥感展望

本文主要论述印度１９９５年底以来遥感卫星发射和应用的情况,提出了到２００５年的连续性十年规划和任务为完成任务而采取的战略措施,同时,对未来的卫星功能及人类需求进行了全面分析和展望,并分析由此而带来的对应用领域的拓展。     

Socio-economic and environmental implications of the hydroelectric projects in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India

This paper deals with detailed analysis of the fiasco created by the Tehri High Dam in Uttarakhand, India, particularly in terms of resettlement and rehabilitation of the local inhabitants. Aspects pertaining to the environmental issues are also discussed. Currently, the river valleys in Uttarakhand state of India are the targets of increasing hydroelectric projects. Virtually all rivers are being exploited for generating environmental friendly power. Having being learned the hard lesson from Tehri Dam, it has been decided to opt for such schemes in which comparatively little submergence and tempering with the fragile eco-systems is involved.However, our observations suggest that even in such schemes if due care is not taken they may turn out to be a failure.