对水下目标的大地坐标测量

在海洋工程中，可利用全球卫星定位系统（ＤＧＰＳ）和各类水声定位系统组成的综合测量系统，精确测量水下目标的大地坐标。本文提出并讨论其系统组成、工作原理、提高测量精度的方法，给出并详细分析海上试验结果     

潮汐对瞬态气候响应模拟的影响研究

In this study, the impact of oceanic processes on the sensitivity of transient climate change is investigated using two sets of coupled experiments with and without tidal forcing, which are termed Exp_Tide and Exp_Control,respectively. After introducing tidal forcing, the transient climate response(TCR) decreases from 2.32 K to 1.90 K,and the surface air temperature warming at high latitudes decreases by 29%. Large ocean heat uptake efficiency and heat storage can explain the low TCR in Exp_Tide. Approximately 21% more heat is stored in the ocean in Exp_Tide(1.10×10~(24) J) than in Exp_Control(0.91×10~(24) J). Most of the large ocean warming occurs in the upper 1 000 m between 60°S and 60°N, primarily in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans. This ocean warming is closely related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC). The initial transport at mid-and high latitudes and the decline in the AMOC observed in Exp_Tide are both larger than those observed in Exp_Control. The spatial structures of AMOC are also different with and without tidal forcing in present experiments. The AMOC in Exp_Tide has a large northward extension. We also investigated the relationship between AMOC and TCR suggested by previous studies using the present experiments.     

卫星测高在确定地球重力场中的应用

根据测高所得的几何量与地球重力场物理量之间的关系，探讨了卫星测高数据在确定地球重力场参数中的应用，主要包括利用卫星测高数据确定海洋大地水准面、确定海洋重力异常和改善地球重力场模型。     

全球范围内天然气水合物构造背景及其稳定域研究综述

天然气水合物是人类21世纪的重要能源。目前。全球范围内共有80余处获取水合物样品。识别水合物地震标志—似海底反射(BSR)的地区更为广泛。大量的钻孔资料和地震剖面显示：主动大陆边缘的增生楔和被动大陆边缘的断裂褶皱系、泥火山、泥底辟等构造为水合物聚集成藏的有利构造环境。世界范围内不同水合物产区的温压场及稳定域特征。差别较为明显。各水合物产区的构造背景与水合物发育区的温压场环境以及稳定域的展布规律存在明显的相关关系。本文分别讨论了主动大陆边缘的增生楔(以卡斯凯迪亚为例)和被动大陆边缘的泥火山(以Hakon Mosby泥火山为例)的温压场特征、水合物聚集规律和各自的成藏模式。在此基础上。作者还进一步讨论了南海坳隆断裂带与水合物之间的关系。认为坳隆断裂带分别在气源、疏导体系(断层、砂体)和温压场环境等三方面为水合物形成提供了有利条件。     

Elemental geochemical records of seafloor hydrothermal activities in the sediments from the Okinawa Trough

The major and minor element contents in the sediment core H9 from the hydrothermal fields of the Okinawa Trough show a sharp change at the depth of 80 cm. The elements enriched in the upper 80 cm core are those enriched in the hydrothermal deposits and in the surface sediments recovered from the hydrothermal fields in the trough, which indicates the input of hydrothermal materials. Comparing with other hydrothermal sediments from Mid-ocean Ridges or the Lau Basin, the degree of the enrichment of elements iron, copper,cobalt, and nickel is relatively low. However, the enrichment of elements manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury is remarkable. The average contents of these elements in the upper 80 cm core sediments are three to six times those in the lower section, and 3~12 times those in the surface sediments which are not influenced by hydrothermal activities. Hydrothermal activities have contributed significant manganese, lead, arsenic, antimony and mercury to the sediments, and these elements are distinct indicators for the hydrothermal activity in the Okinawa Trough. The significant enrichment of these elements in Core H9 upward from the depth 80 cm indicates the start or the significant enhancing of the hydrothermal activity in this area at about 5 740 aB.P. The average accumulation rate of manganese during this period is about 40 461 μg/(cm2·ka), which is similar to the hydrothermal sediments in the Lau Basin or the East Pacific Rise.     

海洋水色卫星遥感器特性参数探讨

为了评价海洋水色卫星遥感器特性参数的优劣，确定仪器的计量特性及其使用价值，准确的理解和科学的定义仪器的特性参数是非常重要的。作者曾有幸参加了海洋水色卫星的立项论证工作，本文就作者的一些工作体会，对海洋水色卫星遥感器的特性参数作初步探讨。     

卫星传送快速处理海洋地震数据

卫星的设置计划是为了加速3维地震调查数据处理往返时间，就经济效益而言被视为最佳方式．     

《全球海洋观测系统》的缘由

《全球海洋观测系统》的缘由汪兆椿（国家海洋局，北京）《全球海洋观测系统》是联合国政府间海洋学委员会、世界气象组织等发起的一项为全面长期探索海洋的运动规律，及其内在变化机制，以期长期监测海洋的计划，英文缩写ＧＯＯＳ。这个系统是在已经分别开展或即将实施的...