基岩山区勘查找水数据共享服务研究

介绍了基岩山区勘查找水数据Web地图服务方式、服务的发布与调用技术实现,以及服务优化完善方向,旨在有效凝聚基岩山区勘查找水的各项成果数据,推动基岩山区勘查找水数据服务信息化,引导今后的基岩山区找水工作的数据集成,支撑行业需求和缺水地区经济社会发展需要.     

Minimum Bedrock Exposure Ages and Their Implications: Larsemann Hills and Neighboring Bolingen Islands, East Antarctica

<正>Considerable controversy exists over whether or not extensive glaciation occurred during the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) in the Larsemann Hills.In this study we use the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide ~(10)Be(half life 1.51 Ma) to provide minimum exposure ages for six bedrock samples and one erratic boulder in order to determine the last period of deglaciation in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands.Three bedrock samples taken from Friendship Mountain(the highest peak on the Mirror Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) have minimum exposure ages ranging from 40.0 to 44.7 ka.The erratic boulder from Peak 106(just at the edge of the ice sheet) has a younger minimum exposure age of only 8.8 ka.The minimum exposure ages for two bedrock samples from Blundell Peak(the highest peak on Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) are about 17 and 18 ka.On the Bolingen Islands(southwest to the Larsemann Hills;～10 km from the ice sheet),the minimum exposure age for one bedrock sample is similar to that at Friendship Mountain(i.e.,44 ka).Our results indicate that the bedrock exposure in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands commenced obviously before the global LGM(i.e.,20-22 ka),and the bedrock erosion rates at the Antarctic coast areas may be obviously higher than in the interior land.     

复杂山区小流域径流模拟影响因素分析

为探讨子流域划分与DEM分辨率对于地形和地表状况比较复杂的山区小流域径流模拟的影响,利用分布式水文模型SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)对复杂山区小流域进行径流模拟,从不同的子流域划分条件下分析了子流域划分对径流模拟的影响及其变化趋势.然后通过对原有的DEM(Digital Elevation Model)进行重采样生成不同格网大小的DEM作为模型输入,研究不同DEM分辨率对复杂山区小流域径流模拟的影响.研究表明:(1)存在一个比较合理的子流域划分方案使径流深比较稳定;(2)存在一个合适的DEM分辨率使模拟得到的径流深比较稳定;(3)山区复杂流域环境,要求更加精细的子流域划分才能获得(1)中的稳定径流深.     

复杂植被山区滑坡蠕变与植被覆盖度关系研究

针对目前复杂植被山区滑坡蠕变监测受植被覆盖影响较大、不同植被覆盖度下滑坡蠕变关系研究缺乏等问题,该文联合Sentinel-1和ALOS PALSAR-2数据集,分别利用SBAS-InSAR和D-InSAR两轨差分技术,获取研究区2019年7月—2020年8月的雷达视线向形变时间序列,分析了复杂植被山区滑坡蠕变与植被覆盖度的内在关系。结果表明：(1)不同植被覆盖度等级对平寨水库库岸山区滑坡蠕变的影响具有显著差异,在低、中高和高植被覆盖度等级时诱发坡体沉降,在中植被覆盖度等级时抑制滑坡蠕变;(2)平寨水库库岸山区的滑坡蠕变体主要集中在库区NW-SE方向,分布与三岔河流域的流向相近;(3)联合多源数据对复杂植被山区滑坡蠕变进行组合探测能够有效克服时间、空间去相干影响,使滑坡蠕变体监测结果更为可靠。研究结果揭示了滑坡蠕变与植被覆盖的内在联系,可以为区域尺度防灾减灾事业提供科学支持。     

武陵山区民族村寨家园遗产演化与地方重构

作为地方家园的物质载体,建筑遗产不仅在历史上呈现出生产、生活与生态的价值溢出,也因其现代性实践而凝聚了当地人心态秩序的变迁,重现了物的象征性沟通的性征,并随着实践场域的嬗变,呈现出物质价值与身份的重塑。传统吊脚楼形制作为中国少数民族日常生活实践的场所主要分布在武陵山区,承载着物质、制度与精神多层次的地方意义。本文从物的视角出发,构建了“时间—空间—地方”三元辩证的研究框架,动态地考察武陵山民族地区的家园遗产与文化主体的互动过程及社会秩序嬗变：(1)“物”的在场是其民间保留和时代传承的历史回应,承载着家屋文化与地方记忆;(2)“物”的式微与脱域是在现代性渗透下宏观力量与个体行为的博弈与融合,也是地方主体性的消解、协商与重构;(3)“物”的出场则意味着家园被置于更深层次的地域文化价值体系,让民族建筑的空间价值外溢,从而以文化资本的形式参与到旅游语境的交互中。更进一步,本文试图从地方性的视角探讨家园遗产的物质空间、社会空间与人文生态空间的秩序重塑逻辑：(1)空间赋能：景观基因焕发空间价值的生产面向;(2)秩序重塑：社会动力激活空间价值的生活面向;(3)地方知识：多元主体共育空间价值的生态面向...     

县域城乡融合评价及差异化发展路径——以浙江山区26县为例

基于综合评价法、变异系数法、耦合协调度模型、障碍度模型等方法,从要素层面开展1995—2020年浙江山区26县城乡融合水平评价及差异化路径研究。研究表明：(1)山区26县城乡融合发展综合水平稳定增长,且呈组团状分布格局。(2)山区26县各要素间协调互动作用逐步增强,耦合协调度以2008年和2018年两个时间点为分水岭,实现由濒临失调到勉强协调,再到初级协调的阶段式跨越;创新型要素内部、创新型要素与其他要素尚未形成良好的互馈效应。(3)城乡居民收入水平差距较大、技术要素辐射范围和深度不够、对区域城乡融合高质量发展带动作用不足是制约山区26县城乡融合发展的主要障碍因素。未来,可从强化要素流动与组合、促进产业转型升级、突破城乡融合发展障碍因素、加强区域密联4个方面探索县域城乡融合差异化路径,以实现城乡融合高质量发展。     

Elevation,slope aspect and integrated nutrient management effects on crop productivity and soil quality in North-west Himalayas,India

On farm bio-resource recycling has been given greater emphasis with the introduction of conservation agriculture specifically withclimate change scenarios in the mid-hills of the north-west Himalaya region（NWHR）. Under this changing scenario, elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） may affect significantly soil quality and crop productivity. A study was conducted during 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 at the Ashti watershed of NWHR in a rainfed condition to examine the influence of elevation, slope aspect and integrated nutrient management（INM） on soil resource and crop productivity. Two years of farm demonstration trials indicated that crop productivity and soil quality is significantly affected by elevation, slope aspect and INM. Results showed that wheat equivalent yield（WEY） of improved technology increased crop productivity by -20%-37% compared to the conventional system. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-17%. North aspect and higher elevation increased crop productivity by 15%-25% compared to south aspect and low elevation（except paddy）. Intercropping of maize with cowpea and soybean enhanced yield by another 8%-15%. Irrespective of slope, elevation and cropping system, the WEY increased by -30% in this region due to INMtechnology. The influence of elevation, slope aspect and INM significantly affected soil resources（SQI） and soil carbon change（SCC）. SCC is significantly correlated with SQI for conventional（R2 = 0.65＊）, INM technology（R2 = 0.81＊） and for both technologies（R2 = 0.73＊）. It is recommended that at higher elevation.（except for paddy soils） with a north facing slope, INM is recommended for higher crop productivity; conservation of soil resources is recommended for the mid hills of NWHR; and single values of SCC are appropriate as a SQI for this region.     

Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.     

Relationships between fractal road and drainage networks in Wuling mountainous area: Another symmetric understanding of human-environment relations

Symmetrical relationships between humans and their environment have been referred to as an extension of symmetries in the human geographical system and have drawn great attention. This paper explored the symmetry between physical and human systems through fractal analysis of the road and drainage networks in Wuling mountainous area. We found that both the road and drainage networks reflect weak clustering distributions. The evolution of the road network shared a significant self-organizing composition, while the drainage network showed obvious double fraetal characteristics. The geometric fractal dimension of the road network was larger than that of the drainage network. In addition, when assigned a weight relating to hierarchy or length, neither the road network nor drainage network showed a fractal property. These findings indicated that the fractal evolution of the road network shared certain similarities with fractal distribution of the drainage network. The symmetry between the two systems resulted from an interactive process of destroying symmetry at the lower order and reconstructing symmetry at the higher order. The relationships between the fractal dimensions of the rural-urban road network, the drainage network andthe urban system indicated that the development of this area was to achieve the symmetrical isomorphism of physical-human geographical systems.     

利用GRACE重力卫星监测祁连山水储量时空变化

利用经过高斯平滑滤波处理的2003年1月～2010年12月逐月的GRACE卫星时变重力场数据反演得到祁连山山区水储量变化,其空间分辨率为1°×1°,结合同时间段该区域35个国家气象台站逐月降水资料,采用趋势分析方法研究了祁连山山区近8 a来的水储量时空变化特征。结果表明:祁连山山区水储量变化从空间分布上来看具有明显的空间差异性,总体表现为东少西多,南多北少的空间分布格局。在时间上,水储量变化与降水一样具有明显的季节变化规律,两者变化过程基本一致。祁连山山区平均水储量变化趋势的年内分布总体上为1～12月水储量趋势呈由高到低的递减变化。1～11月份,变化趋势为正增长,最大正增长为47.8 mm/a,出现在6月份。12月变化趋势呈负增长,负增长趋势为-2.5 mm/a。2003-2010年祁连山山区水储量总体上呈逐年上升趋势,平均上升速度为0.72 mm/mon,8 a间水储量增加约13.6×108m3,其主要原因一方面是由于气候转暖使该区冻土退化,活动层加厚,导致蓄水增加,另一方面是由于近些年该地区加大山区水源涵养林建设,增加了山区蓄水功能。