塔北南坡差异构造隆升及其对古岩溶发育的影响

利用平衡剖面恢复法,研究了塔北南坡各次级单元构造演化的时空差异性,结合寒武系-奥陶系储层不整合面的发育特征,进一步探讨差异隆升过程对古岩溶尤其是表生岩溶发育的影响。研究结果表明：英买力凸起和库尔勒鼻凸形成于加里东中期早幕,至燕山晚期基本定型;构造隆升对应了加里东中期早幕-燕山中期的岩溶作用,岩溶持续时间长、溶蚀作用强烈,但古岩溶也在长期暴露过程中遭到剥蚀。阿克库勒凸起和草湖凹陷则形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,定型于印支期;构造隆升时间与加里东中期Ⅰ幕-海西晚期的岩溶作用相对应,抬升暴露适度,有利于大规模岩溶的形成和保存。哈拉哈塘凹陷形成于加里东中期Ⅰ幕,海西晚期已基本定型,对应加里东中期Ⅰ幕和Ⅲ幕的岩溶作用,表生岩溶作用的影响相对较弱。     

永安国家地质公园

位于福建省永安市北8公里处,处于闽中和闽西大山带之间的北东向沙溪河谷中,其东侧为戴云山脉,西侧属武夷山脉的东南坡。     

Climate change on the southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） Region in Nepal since 1971

Based on monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 10 meteorological stations on the southern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal between 1971 and 2009, the spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic change in this region were analyzed using climatic linear trend, Sen＇s Slope Estimates and Mann-Kendall Test analysis methods. This paper focuses only on the southern slope and attempts to compare the results with those from the northern slope to clarify the characteristics and trends of climatic change in the Mt. Qomolangma region. The results showed that： （1） between 1971 and 2009, the annual mean temperature in the study area was 20.0℃, the rising rate of annual mean temperature was 0.25℃/10a, and the temperature increases were highly influenced by the maximum temperature in this region. On the other hand, the temperature increases on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region were highly influenced by the minimum temperature. In 1974 and 1992, the temperature rose noticeably in February and September in the southern region when the increment passed 0.9℃. （2） Precipitation had an asymmetric distribution; between 1971 and 2009, the annual precipitation was 1729.01 mm. In this region, precipitation showed an increasing trend of 4.27 mm/a, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the increase in rainfall was mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, including the entire monsoon period （from June to September） when precipitation accounts for about 78.9% of the annual total. （3） The influence of altitude on climate warming was not clear in the southern region, whereas the trend of climate warming was obvious on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma. The annual mean precipitation in the southern region was much higher than that of the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region. This shows the barrier effect of the Himalayas as a whole and Mt. Qomolangma in particular.     

地球上海拔超过八千米的十四座高峰

珠穆朗玛峰：世界第一高峰，海拔8848．13米，地处中尼边界东段，北坡在我国西藏境内，南坡在尼泊尔境内。乔戈里峰：世界第二高峰，海拔8611米，“乔戈里”是塔吉克语，意为“高大雄伟”，它是喀喇昆仑山脉的主峰，国外又称K2峰，位于喀喇昆仑山脉的中段，同时也是中国与巴基斯坦的国界线。     

惠民凹陷南坡天然气藏形成条件及勘探方向

从气源岩、储层、圈闭等方面分析了惠民南坡的天然气成藏条件,认为该区烃源岩条件良好,有古近纪的暗色泥岩和石炭-二叠纪煤系地层作为气源岩,同时该区深大断裂发育,岩浆活动强烈,还具有充足的非烃气源;地层发育全,沉积体系多,发育多种类型的储集层,形成6套储盖组合,具备天然气聚集成藏的良好地质条件.研究表明,曲堤地垒和济阳地堑东部的古生界圈闭是深层气勘探的有利方向,非烃气的主要勘探方向是王判镇潜山带的新近纪地层构造圈闭和浅层"亮点"岩性圈闭.     

天山南坡气候垂直变化特征

通过对天山南坡中、西段主要气候要素的垂直分布特征分析,参照植被及土壤的垂直分布规律,将天山南坡划分为五个垂直气候带：1．山前冲洪积扇、平原暖温带;2．中低山温带;3．亚高山寒温带;4．高山寒带;5．高山永久冰雪带．进而提出了合理开发利用天山山地气候资源,以促进当地经济发展．     

多年冻土地区铁路路堤北坡和南坡热状况差异分析

Based on the observational data at Beiluhe test site of Qinghai-Tibetan Railway, the difference of thermal state between south faced and north faced slope was analyzed. The results indicated that the mean annual ground temperature at the depth of 0. 5m on south faced slope was higher than that on north faced slope by over 3 ℃. The higher temperature on south faced slope was greatly attributed to the high temperature during winter time. This kind of difference in thermal state may result in asymmetric thermal regime in embankment as well as in underlying soil. As a result, the unevenly transverse deformation may appear.     

惠民凹陷南坡天然气藏形成条件及勘探方向

从气源岩、储层、圈闭等方面分析了惠民南坡的天然气成藏条件,认为该区烃源岩条件良好,有古近纪的暗色泥岩和石炭一二叠纪煤系地层作为气源岩,同时该区深大断裂发育,岩浆活动强烈,还具有充足的非烃气源;地层发育全,沉积体系多,发育多种类型的储集层,形成6套储盖组合,具备天然气聚集成藏的良好地质条件。研究表明,曲堤地垒和济阳地堑东部的古生界圈闭是深层气勘探的有利方向,非烃气的主要勘探方向是王判镇潜山带的新近纪地层构造圈闭和浅层“亮点”岩性圈闭。     

惠民凹陷南坡天然气藏形成条件及勘探方向

从气源岩、储层、圈闭等方面分析了惠民南坡的天然气成藏条件,认为该区烃源岩条件良好,有古近纪的暗色泥岩和石炭一二叠纪煤系地层作为气源岩,同时该区深大断裂发育,岩浆活动强烈,还具有充足的非烃气源;地层发育全,沉积体系多,发育多种类型的储集层,形成6套储盖组合,具备天然气聚集成藏的良好地质条件。研究表明,曲堤地垒和济阳地堑东部的古生界圈闭是深层气勘探的有利方向,非烃气的主要勘探方向是王判镇潜山带的新近纪地层构造圈闭和浅层“亮点”岩性圈闭。