桂中—南盘江地区黔水地1井打屋坝组页岩储层含气性及可压性评价

桂中—南盘江地区的黔水地1井在直井钻探过程中获得了稳定的页岩气流,取得了石炭系打屋坝组良好的海相页岩气发现。基于钻井、录井、测井、测试资料分析,通过对打屋坝组页岩储层岩相、有机地球化学、物性、裂缝发育程度和含气性等开展综合研究,解释了研究区页岩储层的含气性及可压性。研究发现：(1)打屋坝组为一套从碳酸盐斜坡相的下斜坡亚相过渡至台盆相的巨厚泥页岩层系,其中打屋坝组一段上部—三段中下部发育好—优质烃源岩,天然裂缝发育,气测全烃最大值63.41%,解吸气量平均值1.08 m³/t,具备良好的页岩气生成条件和资源潜力;(2)主要含气层段的脆性矿物含量为31%～94%,泊松比平均值为0.31,体积弹性模量平均值为27.2 GPa,破裂压力为29.7～48.5 MPa。综合评价显示该套地层具备较好的破裂潜力和裂缝保持能力,大规模体积压裂容易形成复杂裂缝网络,该套地层压力较高,具备压裂形成工业产能的条件,可作为下一步勘探开发的目标层段。     

基于CFD方法的十字形降落伞–航行体系统数值分析

为研究航行体对十字形降落伞流场和阻力性能的影响,基于Realizablek–ε模型采用PISO算法开展了十字形降落伞–航行体系统的非定常绕流数值计算,得到了详细的流场计算结果。研究了不同拖曳比下十字形降落伞–航行体系统的流场分布规律与降落伞衣及航行体的气动特性变化,结果表明：当拖曳比λ≤2时,航行体和降落伞衣形成闭式流动,降落伞衣阻力损失严重;当拖曳比λ>2时,航行体尾流区的压力恢复,降落伞衣底部形成稳定的正压区,流动形式由闭式转化为开式,拖曳比λ最大时的压差Δp相较拖曳比最小时的压差增加12%,降落伞衣阻力恢复,阻力波动减小;当拖曳比λ=4时,降落伞与航行体的阻力分别增加1.8%、25%。结果显示十字形降落伞–航行体系统的流场和压力分布更为对称,且气动特性处于最佳状态。     

两种造礁石珊瑚对海水酸化和溶解有机碳加富的响应*

文章选择鹿回头近岸海域常见的板叶角蜂巢珊瑚(Favites complanata)和十字牡丹珊瑚(Pavona decussata)为研究对象, 采用室内连续培养的方法, 探究两种不同造礁石珊瑚对酸化和溶解有机碳(DOC)加富的响应。结果表明: 酸化(pH 7.6)并不会影响两种珊瑚的钙化速率和生长速率; 但DOC加富(524.03±78.42μmol•L^-1)使两种珊瑚的钙化速率分别降低67%和47%、生长速率降低59%和40%。当二者共同作用时, 两种珊瑚的钙化速率降低30%和11%、生长速率降低46%和59%, 大多没有DOC单独作用时强烈, 表现出一定的拮抗作用。两种珊瑚共生虫黄藻叶绿素荧光指数(F_v/F_m)均升高后降低, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚F_v/F_m最先降低。实验表明, 这两种珊瑚虽然对海洋酸化的敏感度不高, 但是对有机物加富有不同的响应, 板叶角蜂巢珊瑚更为敏感, 可能导致这两种珊瑚在未来环境变化中有不同命运。     

十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障60例临床观察

目的：观察十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障的临床疗效。方法：将120例肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障患者随机分为2组各60例。对照组予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加十全明目片口服治疗。30d为1个疗程,服药3个疗程后比较2组疗效。结果：综合疗效总有效率治疗组为81.7%,对照组为58.3%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中医证候疗效总有效率治疗组为78.3%,对照组为56.7%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组视力、晶状体厚度、晶状体混浊程度治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：十全明目片治疗肝肾亏虚型老年性白内障具有良好的效果,在提高患者视力、改善患者中医证候、降低晶体的混浊度等方面收到满意的疗效。     

加味十全明目片治疗干性年龄相关性黄斑变性50眼临床观察

目的：观察加味十全明目片治疗肝肾阴虚型干性年龄相关性黄斑变性的临床疗效。方法：将64例（100只眼）肝肾阴虚型干性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各50只眼。对照组采用抗氧化剂维生素C及维生素E治疗,治疗组采用加味十全明目片治疗。结果：总有效率治疗组为76.0%,对照组为52.0%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组中医症状积分、视力治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：加味十全明目片治疗干性年龄相关性黄斑变性有较好的临床疗效,能有效缓解患者临床症状,提高患者视力水平。     

松南十屋断陷深层油气成藏条件与模式研究

十屋断陷是断坳叠置的复合盆地,充填了巨厚的断陷地层。其深部地层包括登娄库组、营城组、沙河子组以及火石岭组。在十屋断陷深部沉积了沙河子组-营城组和登娄库组两套烃源岩和良好的储盖层组合;由于断陷构造运动,形成大量的断裂构造和不整合面,构成了油气运移的有效通道,同时还形成有效断裂、断鼻构造圈闭以及不整合圈闭。综合分析认为,十屋断陷深部具有有利油气成藏生储盖组合。主要有下生上储式、自生自储式和上生下储式三种成藏模式。     

MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛的合成、表征及催化性能

以β分子筛为前驱体,水玻璃和硫酸铝为外加硅铝源,采用二元混合表面活性剂为结构导向剂,水热晶化合成MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附—脱附和Py-IR等对复合分子筛进行表征,以十氢萘为模型化合物考察复合样品的催化裂解反应性能.结果表明:MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛中存在MCM-41分子筛六方介孔结构和β分子筛微孔结构,对十氢萘具有较强的催化反应活性,催化裂解转化率为93.16%.     

Influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on the winter climate of East China

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation （AMO）, the multidecadal variation of North Atlantic sea surface temperature （SST）, exhibits an oscillation with a period of 65-80 years and an amplitude of 0.4℃. Observational composite analyses reveal that the warm phase AMO is linked to warmer winters in East China, with enhanced precipitation in the north of this region and reduced precipitation in the south, on multidecadal time scales. The pattern is reversed during the cold phase AMO. Whether the AMO acts as a forcing of the multidecadal winter climate of East China is explored by investigating the atmospheric response to warm AMO SST anomalies in a large ensemble of atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） experiments. The results from three AGCMs are consistent and suggest that the AMO warmth favors warmer winters in East China. This influence is realized through inducing negative surface air pressure anomalies in the hemispheric-wide domain extending from the midlatitude North Atlantic to midlatitude Eurasia. These negative surface anomalies favor the weakening of the Mongolian Cold High, and thus induce a weaker East Asian Winter Monsoon.     

Interdecadal Variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon and Associated Atmospheric Circulations

Based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data from 1950-1999, interdecadal variability of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM） and its associated atmospheric circulations are investigated. The EASM exhibits a distinct interdecadal variation, with stronger （weaker） summer monsoon maintained from 1950-1964 （1976-1997）. In the former case, there is an enhanced Walker cell in the eastern Pacific and an anti-Walker cell in the western Pacific. The associated ascending motion resides in the central Pacific, which flows eastward and westward in the upper troposphere, descending in the eastern and western ends of the Pacific basin. At the same time, an anomalous East Asian Hadley Cell （EAHC） is found to connect the low-latitude and mid-latitude systems in East Asia, which strengthens the EASM. The descending branch of the EAHC lies in the west part of the anti-Walker cell, flowing northward in the lower troposphere and then ascending at the south of Lake Baikal （40°-50°N, 95°- 115°E） before returning to low latitudes in the upper troposphere, thus strengthening the EASM. The relationship between the EASM and SST in the eastern tropical Pacific is also discussed. A possible mechanism is proposed to link interdecadal variation of the EASM with the eastern tropical Pacific SST. A warmer sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） therein induces anomalous ascending motion in the eastern Pacific, resulting in a weaker Walker cell, and at the same time inducing an anomalous Walker cell in the western Pacific and an enhanced EAHC, leading to a weaker EASM. Furthermore, the interdecadal variation of summer precipitation over North China is found to be the south of Lake Baikal through enhancing and reducing strongly regulated by the velocity potential over the regional vertical motions.     

当前世界减灾科技的现状与发展趋向──从世界减灾大会有关科技活动谈我国减灾科技的发展对策

详细介绍了１９９４年５月在日本举行的世界减灾会议的科技活动，评述了当前世界减灾科技的发展趋向，并且提出了加强我国减灾科学技术研究的若干建议。