青藏高原羌塘北部托和平错一带二叠系展金组火山岩的特征及构造环境

西藏改则县托和平错地区展金组中发育一套早—中二叠世以玄武岩类为主、玄武安山岩次之、安山岩少量的海相火山岩组合。该火山岩中玄武岩、玄武安山岩的SiO2含量为44.43%～54.87%,TiO2含量多在4%以上,K2O+Na2O平均为4.57%,玄武岩类富K,玄武安山岩富Na。区内火山岩富集K、Ba、Th、Ta、Ce、P、Zr、Sm、Ti、Cr,亏损Rb、Nb、Hf、Sc,Y/Nb在0.322～0.499之间。综合常量元素和微量元素特征,可将该火山岩归入碱性玄武岩系列。区内火山岩从基性到中性稀土元素总量基本没有变化,REE平均为402.31×10-6,LREE/HREE为8.17～12.69,为轻稀土强烈富集型,δEu为0.93～1.04,平均为0.99,无Eu异常,玄武岩的Th/Ta值多数大于1.6。火山岩的地质特征和地球化学特征表明,本区火山岩产出的大地构造环境为冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂谷环境。     

沙漠气象研究所申请2007年国家自然基金项目喜获丰收

金秋9月，沙漠气象研究所迎来了一个丰收的季节，研究所申请的2007年国家自然基金项目获批3项，其中面上项目两项，分别是何清研究员主持的《塔克拉玛干沙漠地气相互作用观测试验研究》和杨莲梅主持的《新疆夏季旱涝与西亚副热带急流Rossby波活动的关系研究》；青年科学基金项目一项，为李军主持的《新疆北部光温湿变化的精细化及其对植被的影响》。     

我国成功钻获“可燃冰” 预计达上百亿吨油当量

国土资源部2007年6月5日宣布，我国天然气水合物调查获重大突破，5月1日凌晨在南海北部钻取“可燃冰”首次采样成功，证实了南海北部蕴藏有丰富的天然气水合物资源，标志着中国天然气水合物调查研究水平一举步入世界先进行列，成为继美国、日本、印度之后第四个通过国家级研发计划采到水合物实物样品的国家。     

西藏日土北部松西—胜利山一带燕山期高钾钙碱性花岗岩的地球化学特征及构造环境

西藏羌塘北部松西-胜利山一带的花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性岩石系列.其重稀土元素亏损,花岗闪长岩的LREE/HREE比值在8.67～33.08之间,平均16.62,黑云母二长花岗岩在9.16～30.97之间,平均21.76,二者的Eu负异常均不明显;微量元素具有富集Rb、Th和亏损Ba、Sr、Zr、Ti的地球化学特点.花岗闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩总体上显示Ⅰ型花岗岩的特点,其形成的构造环境很可能与冈底斯和羌塘地块在晚侏罗世-早白垩世发生的碰撞作用有关.     

新疆库沙新北部一次雹云回波特征分析

对新疆库沙新北部一次沿山体排列运动的回波特征进行了分析。指出该雹云在没有明显的天气系统条件下,靠地形抬升作用形成和发展。其特点是稳定少动,强度较弱,在一些沟口气流和地形动力抬升的共同作用下,云体沿山体下滑后开始降雹,随后便开始减弱。雹击带靠近山前地带,实测表明,这类雹云只影响新和东北部和库车的西北部地区,不会影响沙雅地区。     

Improving Indigenous Technologies for Sustainable Land Use in Northern Mountainous Areas of Vietnam

More than 30 ethnic groups are now living in northern mountainous regions, Vietnam, mainly relying on shifting cultivation with the fallow period being shortened from time to time. Naturally, soil fertility reduces from cycle to cycle, entailing the reduction of productivity. Large areas of moderately sloping lands suitable for upland agriculture have become bare after many cultivation-fallow cycles. The soils there have been severely degraded with more toxicity, low porosity, low water retention capacity and poor floral diversity. Normally, these lands cannot be used for food crop cultivation. So farmers in uplands have to rely on slash-and-burn practices for their livelihood. As there is no more forest with good soil in medium slopes, farmers go to cut forests in watershed, high slope lands and old forests up to the mountains‘ top. There are ecologically and environmentally very sensitive areas, so their destruction will inevitably cause hazardous consequences in the whole basin. Meanwhile,cultivation in these areas has low economic efficiency and sustainability because the crop yield may decrease very fast due to severe erosion as the higher the slope, the more serious erosion. Consequently living standards of highland farmers remain low and unstable. Sustainable farming on these lands in the perspective of a seriously deteriorated ecology and environmental is not an easy task. There have been many projects trying to help mountainous farmers get out of their vicious circle. However, due to different reasons, the results gained are low, and in some cases,things ceased to move after the projects phased out. During past few years, based on the farmer experiences, the Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute has cooperated with local and international partners to implement different projects in order to solve the problems by developing simple, easy and cheap cultivation technologies, which can be accepted and applied by local poor farmers for sustainable agricultural production. The first results of our activities offered good opportunities for sustain food production, improve soil health, recharge of aquifers,and enhanced household income for better rural lively hoods in the upland eco-regions of northern Vietnam.     

好一个村级土管员——胡瑞民

南乐县梁村乡位于河南省北部，与河北省大名县接壤。在那里，十里八村的人都知道有一个爱管“闲事”、乐于助人的村级土管员——胡瑞民。     

南海北部自由生活海洋线虫的群落结构和生物多样性

A quantitative study on the community structure and biodiversity of free-living marine nematodes and their relationship with environmental factors in the northern South China Sea were carried out based...     

江西北部岩溶地貌陆生贝类物种多样性

作者于2013年5月至6月调查了位于江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类63种及亚种(含5个未定种),分别隶属于12科21属,其中1个新种,即石钟山弯螺(Sinoennea shizhongshanensis sp.nov),优势种为雪土鸥螺(Georissa niva)、细纹喇叭螺(Boysidia gracilis)、囊喇叭螺(Boysidia dorsata)和灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida ravida)。区系成分以东洋界成分为主,占总种类数的61.90%。计算了江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类多样性指数,其中Margalef丰富度指数(dMA)为2.205~4.273,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)为1.960~3.374,Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)为0.448~0.681。与邻近自然保护区比较,江西北部地区岩溶地貌陆生贝类较为丰富,与其他自然保护区物种相似性较低。     

夏、冬季杭州湾北部游泳动物群落结构

利用相对重要性指数、等级聚类和多元统计等方法对该海域游泳生物种类组成、优势种及群落结构进行分析,研究杭州湾北部游泳动物群落结构特征。夏、冬季共发现40种游泳生物,隶属12目22科33属,鲈形目及十足目生物所占比率最高,分别为32.5%和35%,而鲈形目、十足目中又分别以石首鱼科(38.5%)和长臂虾科(28.6%)所占比率最高;夏季优势种为棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)和安氏白虾(Exopalaemon annandalei),冬季优势种为刀鲚(Coilia ectenes)、焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)、髭缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicas)和狭颚绒螯蟹(Eriocheir leptognathus),两时期无共同优势种。等级聚类和非度量多维标序排序表明,杭州湾北部游泳生物群落可分为夏季和冬季2个组群,相似性检验(ANOSIM)显示2个组群差异极显著(R=0.881,P0.01)。BIOENV表明温度是影响杭州湾北部游泳动物群落结构的最主要环境因子,相关系数为0.773。杭州湾海域是棘头梅童鱼、凤鲚等多种游泳动物产卵和索饵场所,群落结构具有典型的季节特征。