冬季北黄海表层海水pCO_2分布及其影响因素探讨

根据2006年12月在北黄海走航连续观测所得pCO2 数据,结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料,对该海域pCO2分布及其影响因素进行了探讨.结果表明:冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2测值在203～683 μatm之间,平均值为408 μatm.辽南沿岸流及其影响区域是大气CO2汇区;山东半岛以北沿岸,122°E以西受渤海环流输送,黄河悬浮颗粒物影响的高浑浊度区域是大气CO2的一个强源区(最高值达到683 μatm);而占据北黄海大部的黄海混合水以及北黄海整体上是大气CO2的弱源.冬季北黄海表层海水pCO2分布主要受控于海水温度、碳酸盐体系平衡和生物活动,即温度越高pCO2越高、DIC 越高pCO2越高、叶绿素含量越高pCO2越低.其中辽南沿岸流及其影响区域生物活动的影响最为显著.而山东半岛以北沿岸的高浑浊度区域水体性质具有特殊性,较高的 pCO2受控于高的DIC浓度以及陆岸的影响.     

Results of recent Pacific-Arctic ice-ocean modeling studies at the Naval Postgraduate School

Summary of results from a high - resolution pan - Arctic ice - ocean model are presented for the northern North Pacific, Bering, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas. The main focus is on the mean circulation, communication from the Gulf of Alaska across the Bering Sea into the western Arctic Ocean and on mesoscale eddy activity within several important ecosystems. Model results from 1979 -2004 are compared to observations whenever possible. The high spatial model resolution at 1/12o （or -9 - km） in the horizontal and 45 levels in the vertical direction allows for representation of eddies with diameters as small as 36 km. However, we believe that upcoming new model integrations at even higher resolution will allow us to resolve even smaller eddies. This is especially important at the highest latitudes where the Rossby radius of deformation is as small as 10 km or less.     

Modeling Arctic Ocean heat transport and warming episodes in the 20th century caused by the intruding Atlantic Water

This study investigates the Arctic Ocean warming episodes in the 20th century using both a high-resolution coupled global climate model and historical observations. The model, with no flux adjustment, reproduces well the Atlantic Water core temperature （AWCT） in the Arctic Ocean and shows that four largest decadalscale warming episodes occurred in the 1930s, 70s, 80s, and 90s, in agreement with the hydrographic observational data. The difference is that there was no pre-warming prior to the 1930s episode, while there were two pre-warming episodes in the 1970s and 80s prior to the 1990s, leading the 1990s into the largest and prolonged warming in the 20th century. Over the last century, the simulated heat transport via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea was estimated to be, on average, 31.32 TW and 14.82 TW, respectively, while the Bering Strait also provides 15.94 TW heat into the west- ern Arctic Ocean. Heat transport into the Arctic Ocean by the Atlantic Water via Fram Strait and the Barents Sea correlates significantly with AWCT （ C = 0.75 ） at 0- lag. The modeled North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） index has a significant correlation with the heat transport （ C = 0.37 ）. The observed AWCT has a significant correlation with both the modeled AWCT （ C =0.49） and the heat transport （ C =0.41 ）. However, the modeled NAO index does not significantly correlate with either the observed AWCT （ C = 0.03 ） or modeled AWCT （ C = 0.16 ） at a zero-lag, indicating that the Arctic climate system is far more complex than expected.     

西藏羌北布若错晚白垩世中酸性侵入岩特征及地质意义

羌北布若错中酸性侵入体,以浅成—超浅成相的花岗斑岩、流纹质碎斑熔岩为主,另有少量花岗闪长斑岩、英安质碎斑熔岩。用K_2O—SiO_2亚碱性岩分类图解、球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分型式、C/MA和A/FM摩尔比值图解等分析方法,该岩体岩石显示出富含K、Rb、Th及REE,具中等—强的Eu亏损及强过铝质的特点,反映了岩浆源主要来自于上地壳的部分熔融,具有S型花岗岩的特征。在碎斑熔岩中获得全岩K—Ar法同位素年龄为94.8Ma,反映该岩体侵入时代为晚白垩世。     

基于GPS和水准数据的微粒群算法联合反演祁连山北缘断裂三维滑动速率

将微粒群算法与位错理论模型相结合,采用中国地壳运动观测网络提供的青藏高原地区2001~2004年GPS测量数据和2000~2006年水准测量数据,通过常规定权和附有相对权比的方法对祁连山北缘断裂的三维滑动速率进行联合反演,并与蚁群算法反演结果进行对比。结果表明,微粒群算法收敛速度快、稳定性高,结合经典位错理论模型,是一种可以有效求解断层三维滑动速率反演问题的优化算法,在大地测量反演领域极具应用潜力。     

胶莱盆地东缘早白垩世莱阳群沉积序列及岩相古地理

胶莱盆地东缘早白垩世早期莱阳群沉积体现了湖盆由开始形成—鼎盛—萎缩消亡的全过程,发育由冲洪积相—湖相—三角洲相—河流相沉积的完整序列,且由东至西,由湖相到河流相逐渐过渡;古水流方向显示莱阳期盆地中心位于朱吴断裂、海阳断裂带之间,以断裂带为界,以西水流方向大致为由NW至SE向,以东水流方向则为由SE至NW向;早白垩世早期莱阳期盆地的形成与演化明显受区域性牟(平)-即(墨)断裂带活动所控制。     

多向不规则波浪作用下群墩结构上爬高的计算研究

波浪的方向分布对波浪的传播及其与工程结构物的作用都具有明显影响,目前现有的研究大多是基于单向波浪进行的。为了研究方向分布对群墩结构上的爬高影响,基于规则波浪与群墩作用的理论解,结合多向不规则波浪的造波方法,建立了多向不规则波浪与群墩作用的计算模型,同时进行了物理模型试验对模型的有效性进行了验证。系统地对群墩周围及表面上的波浪爬高进行了计算分析,结果表明,方向分布对波浪爬高具有较大的影响,且不同位置处的影响并不相同,在实际的工程设计中如果按照单向波浪计算,可能低估或者高估群墩周围的爬高。     

FIO-ESM气候模式北太平洋海表温度和降水的季节性预报技巧评估

The seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) and precipitation in the North Pacific based on the hindcast results of The First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model(FIO-ESM) is assessed in this study.The Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter assimilation scheme is used to generate initial conditions, which are shown to be reliable by comparison with the observations. Based on this comparison, we analyze the FIO-ESM 6-month hindcast results starting from each month of 1993–2013. The model exhibits high SST prediction skills over most of the North Pacific for two seasons in advance. Furthermore, it remains skillful at long lead times for midlatitudes. The reliable prediction of SST can transfer fairly well to precipitation prediction via air-sea interactions.The average skill of the North Pacific variability(NPV) index from 1 to 6 months lead is as high as 0.72(0.55) when El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and NPV are in phase(out of phase) at initial conditions. The prediction skill of the NPV index of FIO-ESM is improved by 11.6%(23.6%) over the Climate Forecast System, Version 2. For seasonal dependence, the skill of FIO-ESM is higher than the skill of persistence prediction in the later period of prediction.     

北半球热带中太平洋与印度洋海表温度梯度对夏季西北太平洋热带气旋生成频数变化的影响

基于1951—2018年哈德里中心海温资料、美国气象环境预报中心和美国国家大气研究中心再分析资料和第四代欧洲中心汉堡模式, 针对1994年、2018年等西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)生成异常多的年份, 研究了引起TC增加的海表温度异常(SSTA)模态及其影响机制。结果表明, 北半球热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋变冷是夏季西北太平洋TC生成频数增加的主要原因, 北大西洋负三极型式SSTA促使TC生成的进一步增加。热带中太平洋增暖与印度洋冷却在菲律宾以东激发出西风异常和气旋性环流异常。北大西洋负三极型式SSTA在我国南海、菲律宾至东南沿岸激发出气旋性环流异常。前者在西北太平洋中部, 后者在南海产生有利于TC生成的局地环境。1994年和2018年夏季热带中太平洋出现暖SSTA、印度洋为冷SSTA、北大西洋呈现负三极型式SSTA, 西北太平洋TC生成频数极端增多。近30年来, 当出现热带中太平洋增暖和印度洋冷却时, 北大西洋表现出比1989年以前更强的负三极型式SSTA, 使西北太平洋TC生成频数和北半球热带印度洋-太平洋SSTA梯度的线性相关更显著。     

消栓饮对创伤性深静脉血栓大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移的影响

目的：探讨Th1（CD4^{+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移在大兔创伤性深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的作用及消栓饮的治疗机制。方法：将45只新西兰健康大兔分为空白组、假手术组、0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组,每组各9只,采用直接钳夹静脉+双后肢石膏固定的方法制备创伤性DVT模型后进行给药,于第1、3、7天完成给药4h后,采用流式细胞术检测各组大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）的含量变化及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值。结果：给药第1、3、7天0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与同时间节点空白组、假手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;给药第3、7天低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与0.9%氯化钠注射液组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05。结论：DVT形成过程中存在Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群动态平衡被打破;中药消栓饮可以通过干预Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）含量变化,维持两者的平衡来达到治疗目的。}