世界矿产品供需形势及展望

进入90年代,世界用于经济发展的矿产储量保证程度比以往任何时候都好,40种主要矿产1991年的静态保证年限(储量与产量相比)与1989年相比,多数都有不同程度增长,但世界矿物原料最大需求者西欧和日本、美国(三者约占世界矿物原料消费量的2/3)的矿产资源保证程度却都有所下降,其大多数矿产需求量大大超过国内开采量,对进口的依赖程度反而进一步增大,如石油需求量是其总产量的2.3倍,铀为4.6倍,铁矿石3.2倍,铬矿石为5.4倍,钼4倍,铅4.5倍,镍18倍,钻26.5倍,锡30倍,铂族28倍。     

从可持续发展的物质体系谈辽宁省的矿业与环境

从矿业资源,环境与生态的平衡关系出发,讨论了矿业资源领域在社会经济发展中的极其重要的基础地位,从矿产资源的不可再生性等特点讨论了矿业资源的可持续发展对全社会经济可持续发展战略实施的决定性作用,从矿产资源开发,利用的现状已对环境产生的危害和正在产生的危害,讨论了矿业可持续发展的必要性,紧迫性和艰巨性,通过对辽宁省矿产资源的特点,矿业开发利用的现状及其矿业环境的分析,讨论了矿业开发利用与矿山环境保护之     

“一带一路”背景下中亚五国矿业投资环境和投资方向探讨

中亚国家是我国的近邻,也是发展丝绸之路经济带的重要地区。中亚国家矿产资源丰富,与我国矿产资源短缺和供给不足形成互补,中亚国家普遍支持外国企业投资矿产资源勘探、开采、深加工。分析和研究中亚五国的矿业管理与投资环境,可以为我国企业在中亚五国矿业投资提供参考。     

Characteristics of carbonaceous particles in Beijing during winter and summer 2003

Campaigns were conducted to measure Organic Carbon (OC) and Elemental Carbon (EC) in PM2.5 during winter and summer 2003 in Beijing. Modest differences of PM2.5 and PM10 mean concentrations were observed between the winter and summer campaigns. The mean PM2.5/PM10 ratio in both seasons was around 60%, indicating PM2.5 contributed significantly to PM10. The mean concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were 11.2±7.5 and 6.0±5.0μg m-3 for the winter campaign, and 9.4±2.1 and 4.3±3.0 μg m-3 for the summer campaign, respectively. Diurnal concentrations of OC and EC in PM2.5 were found high at night and low during the daytime in winter, and characterized by an obvious minimum in the summer afternoon. The mean OC/EC ratio was 1.87±0.09 for winter and Z39±0.49 for summer. The higher OC/EC ratio in summer indicates some formation of Secondary Organic Carbon (SOC). The estimated SOC was 2.8 μg m-3 for winter and 4.2μg m-3 for summer.     

北京奥运会期间NO2浓度降低原因分析

2002～2008年,北京市城区和近郊8月的NO2月均浓度大体呈现逐年下降趋势,其中前5年二者均以每年约10%的降幅下降,2008年发生显著下降,降幅达40%左右。利用嵌套网格空气质量模式系统(NAQPM/IAP),采用敏感性试验方法,评估了气象条件与污染控制措施对北京奥运会期间大气NO2浓度降低的影响,评估不同污染控制措施对NO2浓度降低的作用。研究结果表明,污染控制措施是NO2浓度降低的主要影响因素,其中面源的污染控制措施对于NO2浓度降低的作用最明显。     

Vertical Observations and Analysis of PM2.5, O3, and NOx at Beijing and Tianjin from Towers during Summer and Autumn 2006

During the period between 18 August and 22 September 2006, an ultraviolet photometric O3 analyzer, a NO-NO2-NOx chemiluminescence analyzer, and a quartz micro-oscillating-scale particle concentration analyzer were simultaneously used for monitoring at three different heights each at Beijing (325-m tower) and Tianjin (255-m tower). These towers belong to the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and to the Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau, respectively. These measurements were used to continuously measure the atmospheric O3 and NOx volume-by-volume concentrations and the PM2.5 mass concentration within a vertical gradient. When combined with meteorological data and information on the variation of vertical characteristics of the various atmospheric pollutants in the two cities, analysis shows that these two cities were seriously polluted by both PM2.5 and O3 during summer and autumn. The highest daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 near the ground in Beijing and Tianjin reached 183 μg m-3 and 165 μg m-3, respectively, while the O3 concentrations reached 52 ppb and 77 ppb, and NOx concentrations reached 48 ppb and 62 ppb for these two cities, respectively. The variations in the daily-average concentrations of PM2.5 between Beijing and Tianjin were demonstrated to be consistent over time. The concentrations of PM2.5 measured in Beijing were found to be higher than those in Tianjin. However, the overall O3 concentrations near the ground in Tianjin were higher than in Beijing. NOx concentrations in Tianjin were consistently lower than in Beijing. It was also found that PM2.5 pollution in Beijings atmosphere may also be affected by the pollutants originating in and delivered from Tianjin, and that Ti     

全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃背景下北京市暴雨洪涝淹没风险研究

基于第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的5个气候模式模拟结果,结合FloodArea模型,对RCP8.5情景下全球升温1.5℃和2.0℃时,北京市极端降水和淹没风险进行分析。结果表明：北京市极端降水量呈从西南向东北逐渐减少的分布趋势。在升温2.0℃时,极端降水和淹没风险增加较升温1.5℃时明显,郊区极端降水增加最明显的地区是房山和门头沟,城区极端降水量增加最明显的地区是海淀、石景山和丰台区。海淀区出现一级和二级淹没风险的面积最大,其次是丰台和石景山区。郊区的延庆和怀柔是发生一级淹没风险面积最大的地区。     

北京气候中心气候系统模式研发进展——在气候变化研究中的应用

较全面地介绍了北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)研发所取得的一些进展及其在气候变化研究中的应用,重点介绍了全球近280 km较低分辨率的全球海-陆-气-冰-生物多圈层耦合的气候系统模式BCC_CSM1.1和110 km中等大气分辨率的BCC_CSM1.1(m),以及大气、陆面、海洋、海冰各分量模式的发展。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)气候系统模式均包含了全球碳循环和动态植被过程。当给定全球人类活动导致的碳源排放后,就可以模拟和预估人类活动对气候变化的影响。BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)已应用于IPCC AR5模式比较,为中外开展气候变化机理分析和未来气候变化预估提供了大量的试验数据。还介绍了BCC_CSM1.1和BCC_CSM1.1(m)参与国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)的大量试验分析评估结果,BCC_CSM能够较好地模拟20世纪气温和降水等气候平均态和季节变化特征,以及近1000年的历史气候变化,所预估的未来100年气候变化与国际上其他模式的CMIP5试验预估结果相当。初步的分析表明,分辨率相对高的BCC_CSM1.1(m)在区域气候平均态的模拟上优于分辨率较低的BCC_CSM1.1。     

《南京气象学院学报》征稿简则

一、《南京气象学院学报》是南京信息工程大学主办的学术类期刊。本刊坚持四项基本原则,贯彻“双百”方针,以繁荣我国气象科学事业,促进国内外学术交流为宗旨。本刊主要刊登大气科学、环境科学及相关基础学科的理论和应用研究论文,新技术研制,国内外研究进展综述等。本刊为双月刊,欢迎国内外专家、从事大气科学及相关学科研究的科研人员及大专院校有关专业的师生投稿。     

一次强降水天气过程的雷暴及闪电活动特征分析

利用雷达、地闪定位系统、电场观测等资料,结合天气观测记录,分析了北京及周边地区一次强降水天气过程的雷暴及闪电活动特征.结果表明:当日在分析区域内主要两种不同类型的雷暴天气,其中北京西北山区的雷暴多是局地的强对流引起,并产生了大量的地闪,而西南平原地区的雷暴多是系统雷暴,产生的地闪较少.北京城区的雷暴过程是由市区附近发展...