L&R航空重力仪的水平加速度改正

L&R(LaCoste&Romberg)航空重力仪是我国首套航空重力测量系统的核心,主要由高精度的垂直加速度计和稳定平台组成。前者用于测量总加速度,后者使加速度计保持精确的垂直指向。飞行测量时,由于水平加速度的存在,稳定平台难以精确维持水平从而使加速度计偏离正确指向,由此产生了水平加速度改正。介绍了水平加速度计算的两种基本方法,即两步法与一步法,从理论上导出了其在平台倾角较小情况下的等价性。为有效地减弱因水平加速度改正不完善产生的系统性误差,提出了水平加速度改正的预滤波方法。通过平台倾角的谱分析,确定了预滤波尺度,即采用与平台稳定周期相当的低通滤波器进行预滤波。最后利用实测数据对此进行了验证和分析。结果表明,利用预滤波尺度,航空重力测量值与地面向上延拓参考值的系统差由5×10-5m.s-2减小至0.5×10-5m.s-2。     

Development of attenuation relation for the near fault ground motion from the characteristic earthquake

A composite source model has been used to simulate a broadband strong ground motion with an associated fault rupture process. A scenario earthquake fault model has been used to generate 1 000 earthquake events with a magni-tude of Mw8.0. The simulated results show that, for the characteristic event with a strike-slip faulting, the character istics of near fault ground motion is strongly dependent on the rupture directivity. If the distance between the sites and fault was given, the ground motion in the forward direction (Site A) is much larger than that in the backward direction (Site C) and that close to the fault (Site B). The SH waves radiated from the fault, which corresponds to the fault-normal component plays a key role in the ground motion amplification. Corresponding to the sites A, B, and C, the statistical analysis shows that the ratio of their aPG is 2.15:1.5:1 and their standard deviations are about 0.12, 0.11, and 0.13, respectively. If these results are applied in the current probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), then, for the lower annual frequency of exceedance of peak ground acceleration, the predicted aPG from the hazard curve could reduce by 30% or more compared with the current PSHA model used in the developing of seismic hazard map in the USA. Therefore, with a consideration of near fault ground motion caused by the rupture directivity, the regression model used in the development of the regional attenuation relation should be modified accordingly.     

Earthquake accelerogram simulation with statistical law of evolutionary power spectrum

By using the technique for evolutionary power spectrum proposed by Nakayama and with reference to the Kameda formula, an evolutionary spectrum prediction model for given earthquake magnitude and distance is established based on the 80 near-source acceleration records at rock surface with large magnitude from the ground motion database of western U.S.. Then a new iteration method is developed for generation of random accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency which are compatible with target evolutionary spectrum. The phase spectra of those simulated accelerograms are also non-stationary in time and frequency domains since the interaction between amplitude and phase angle has been considered during the generation. Furthermore, the sign of the phase spectrum increment is identified to accelerate the iteration. With the proposed statistical model for predicting evolutionary power spectra and the new method for generating compatible time history, the artificial random earthquake accelerograms non-stationary both in amplitude and frequency for certain magnitude and distance can be provided.     

伽师-巴楚地区中强地震加速度衰减关系研究

采用直接估计经验方法对巴楚-伽师地区1996-2003年126条M≥4地震的加速度记录进行回归分析,得到中强地震在土层场地上的水平向和垂直向加速度衰减规律。其中水平向加速度衰减关系适用的震级范围为4.0≤M≤6.9,垂直向为4.0≤M≤5.9。     

思维方式偏颇阻碍科技创新

周可真在2007年3月30日《科学时报》撰文指出，我国古代科学技术上的“四大发明”至北宋即已齐备，此后再也没有出现过类似的科技创新奇迹，这多少表明了宋代以后我国科技发展处于相对停滞状态。与同时期西方科技发展相比，后者可谓是加速度地发展，前者却是减速度地发展。如此直到清末，原本堪称世界超一流的中华大帝国便逐渐地被西方赶上并且远远超过了。究其原因，     

农田蒸散发量变化规律分析

根据冉庄水资源实验站大型地中蒸渗仪在种植小麦、玉米情况下的农田蒸散发量实测资料，分析了农田蒸散发量的时程及深度变化规律，提出了在实验条件下农田蒸散发量的数值范围。     

地球引力加速度及其偏导数的计算

本文详细推导了地球引力加速度及其偏导数的计算公式,给出了一组用来计算正规化球谐函数的递推关系。这组递推关系优于一般文献上所给出的用来计算非正规化球谐函数的递推关系,它避免了由于不同阶、级非正规化球谐函数数值相差过大而引起的计算精度的损失。在卫星精密轨道确定中已经证明这种算法是非常有效的。     

由反演加速度图成像中强地震的破裂过程

提出了一种以小震的记录作为格林函数来成像中强地震破裂增长的反演方法。该方法通过迭代法中同时拟合多台的Ｐ、Ｓ波形,估计了子事件相对格林函数事件的破裂时间和振幅。我们用小事件作为格林函数反演了发生在帕克菲尔德地区的２次中强地震的加速度图。第１次地震（Ｍ＝４．６）于１９９３年１１月１４日发生在米德尔山,震源深度１１ｋｍ,在下一次帕克菲尔德主震的假定孕震区内。第２次地震（Ｍ＝４．７）于１９９４年１２月２０     

使用印度强震台阵数据估算峰值地面水平加速度的衰减关系

研究了印度境内的喜马拉雅山地区峰值地面水平加速度的一种衰减关系。资料源自印度强震台阵记录的５次地震中提取的６６个峰值地面水平加速度。目前使用的分析方法是两步成层的回归模型,其衰减关系假设为：ｌｏｇ（Ａ）＝－１．０７２＋０．３９０３Ｍ－１．２１ｌｏｇ（Ｘ＋ｅ＾０．５８７３Ｍ）式中,Ａ为峰值地面加速度（ｇ）,Ｍ为城级,Ｘ为震源距。残差平方和为０．１４。把这一衰减关系与其他的衰减关系进行了比较。与其它关