中国通量观测网络(ChinaFLUX)通量观测空间代表性初步研究

涡度相关系统的观测结果可以代表发生在特定表面或某一部分表面的物理过程.这样,由点到面的空间代表性就成为通量观测中不可忽视的问题.运用FSAM模型结合实际观测数据对中国通量网各站通量观测的空间代表性做了初步的分析研究.结果表明随着大气稳定度的增强、观测高度的升高和下垫面粗糙度的减小,通量贡献区有被拉长的趋势,且沿上风向逐渐远离观测点,这表明通量观测值所代表的下垫面平均状况的范围有所扩大.对于一个观测点而言,在观测高度和下垫面状况一定的情况下,通量贡献最大点和源权重函数最小点距观测塔的距离受大气稳定度的影响,大气越稳定,通量贡献最大点Smx和源权重函数最小点χ1距观测塔的距离(分别为Dmx和Dmin)越大.Dmax和Dmin对下垫面粗糙度和观测高度变化的响应是,随着粗糙度的增加和观测高度的减小,Dmx和Dmin均变小.本研究给出了在不同大气稳定度状况下,对各通量站通量观测值贡献90%时的通量贡献区长度,结合各站点的盛行风向以及通量贡献区对各种影响因素响应规律的分析,使我们对各通量站点通量观测的空间代表性形成了初步的认识.本研究虽然仅可做为实际应用中的参考,但其结果可为通量观测数据的质量控制,解释通量数据不确定性产生的原因提供一定的理论依据.     

武昌电离层E-F谷区白天变化形态

本文利用文献[4]的分析程序对武昌地区三年共300多张频高图作了剖面换算和统计分析,得出白天E-F谷区电离的基本形态并发现一些新的变化特征;对分析结果的可能原因提出了讨论。     

Impacts of Climatic Factors on Runoff Coefficients in Source Regions of the Huanghe River

Runoff coefficients of the source regions of the Huanghe River in 1956–2000 were analyzed in this paper. In the 1990s runoff of Tangnaihai Hydrologic Station of the Huanghe River experienced a serious decrease, which had at- tracted considerable attention. Climate changes have important impact on the water resources availability. From the view of water cycling, runoff coefficients are important indexes of water resources in a particular catchment. Kalinin baseflow separation technique was improved based on the characteristics of precipitation and streamflow. After the separation of runoff coefficient (R/P), baseflow coefficient (Br/P) and direct runoff coefficient (Dr/P) were estimated. Statistic analyses were applied to assessing the impact of precipitation and temperature on runoff coefficients (including Dr/P, Br/P and R/P). The results show that in the source regions of the Huanghe River, mean annual baseflow coefficient was higher than mean annual direct runoff coefficient. Annual runoff coefficients were in direct proportion to annual pre- cipitation and in inverse proportion to annual mean temperature. The decrease of runoff coefficients in the 1990s was closely related to the decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature in the same period. Over different sub-basins of the source regions of the Huanghe River, runoff coefficients responded differently to precipitation and temperature. In the area above Jimai Hydrologic Station where annual mean temperature is –3.9oC, temperature is the main factor in- fluencing the runoff coefficients. Runoff coefficients were in inverse relation to temperature, and precipitation had nearly no impact on runoff coefficients. In subbasin between Jimai and Maqu Hydrologic Station Dr/P was mainly affected by precipitation while R/P and Br/P were both significantly influenced by precipitation and temperature. In the area be-tween Maqu and Tangnaihai hydrologic stations all the three runoff coefficients increased with the rising of annual precipitation, while direct runoff coefficient was inversely proportional to temperature. In the source regions of the Huanghe River with the increase of average annual temperature, the impacts of temperature on runoff coefficients be-come insignificant.     

时空视角下的南京江北新区国土空间用地格局分析

利用地理国情地表覆盖分类数据,从时空视角分析2015—2019年南京江北新区国土空间格局现状及变化情况,结果表明:南京江北新区国土空间用地比例相对均衡,呈现“城镇—生态”协调发展的空间格局,基本符合区域发展定位;2015—2019年,南京江北新区国土空间用地的变化趋势为城镇用地增长、农业用地和生态用地减少,且农业用地减少速率快于生态用地。     

A semi-analytical solution for frost heave prediction of clay soil

Frost heave is one of the main freezing problems for construction in permafrost regions.The Konrad-Morgenstern segregation potential（SP） model is being used in practice for frost heave using numerical techniques.However,the heat release from in-situ and migrated water in the freezing zone could result in some numerical instability,so the simulation of frost fringe is not ideal.In this study,a semi-analytical solution is developed for frost heave prediction of clay soil.The prediction results to the two tests with different freezing mode with clay soil agree well with the tested behavior,which indicates the feasibility of the solution.     

由神舟九号发射想到的地理问题

2012年6月16日18时37分,神舟九号飞船在酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。神舟九号飞船发射升空后,进入距地球表面近地点高度200公里、远地点高度330公里的椭圆形轨道。而在神舟九号飞船发射前约20天,天宫一号目标飞行器就开始降轨调相,进入高度     

苏浙皖边界地区苏皖运动的有关问题

苏皖运动的存在于否,对研究苏浙皖边界地区的地质发展史和正确认识长兴阶地层有重要意义。笔者论证了长兴组的厚度变化、界线粘土层的性质与成因、底砾岩的确认和地层接触关系、古生物群的突变等问题,认为:1)区内苏皖运动是存在的;2)砺山-江阴海堤不可否定;将安徽广德牛头山经江苏宜兴至江阴条带内的龙潭组上部地层作为长兴组的相变产物是不妥的。     

低高度极尖区位形的经验模式

地球极尖区是太阳风等离子体进入内磁层和电离层的一个重要“窗口”,但其总体结构长期以来尚未确定. 2008年3月8日两个连续亚暴期间,太阳风的整体变化范围较大,基于全球三维数值模拟我们建立了一个由行星际磁场(interplanetary magnetic field, IMF)B_Y、B_Z控制的低高度(1.1个地球半径高度)极尖区的预报模式.该模式由椭圆函数构造而成,拟合函数由极尖区位置和宽度控制并取决于IMF B_Y和B_Z.极尖区地磁纬度(geomagnetic latitude, MLAT)随着向北IMF B_Z的增加而增加,随着向南IMF B_Z的增加而明显降低.当B_Y=0时,磁地方时(magnetic local time, MLT)接近12,当IMF为东向(西向)时,极尖区中心将位于北半球下午(上午)侧. MLAT宽度随IMF B_Z从北转南而减小,MLT宽度随IMF B_Z从北转南而增大.通过...     

西昆仑甜水海地区新近纪侵入岩地球化学特征及锆石U-Pb年龄

在甜水海地区北部发现一处新近纪浅成侵入岩岩体,对其进行岩石学特征、地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果显示岩体侵位时间为(8.09±0.16) Ma,形成时代为晚中新世。地球化学分析显示,岩石具有轻稀土元素富集,铕负异常,Th、La、Hf明显富集的特征。通过类比研究,其岩浆源可能来自中上地壳,形成于印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞后青藏高原隆升的陆内构造演化过程,为地幔上拱、烘烤上地壳岩石使其局部熔融、上侵而成。