浙江缙云县大洋山石鼓尖花岗岩坑穴成因

On top of Shigujian Peak (1477 m a.s.l.) of the Dayangshan Mountain in Jinyun County, Zhejiang Province, large amounts of granite pits with diameters ranging from several dozens of centimeters to around one meter and depth from 10 cm to 45 cm are found on rock surface. These pits mainly appear on the NE and SE sides, and their drainage mouths are in the same direction. The identification results through micropolariscope and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer reveal that bedrock of pits is from middle to fine-grained moyite being apt to be weathered and modified. In Dayangshan region the annual mean temperature is 9.2°C and annual precipitation is over 1700 mm. On the one hand, there always experiences a period of periglacial action with temperature oscillating near 0°C for 4 months, i.e., from December to March next year. As a consequence, the freezing-thawing cycles may be remarkable to disintegrate the bedrock. On the other hand, the windward slope of Shigujian Peak meets typhoon of over force 10 on the Beaufort scale in summer, therefore, the blowing makes suspending sands or pebbles grind in swirling form. Based on field investigation and periglacial geomorphic theory, the pits on top of Shigujian Peak are attributed to freezing-thawing of periglacial action. Meanwhile, storm and strong wind accelerate the process. Observation shows that both the actions are still undergoing and variant directions of wind are the main cause for making different shapes of the pits. Because the top of Shigujian is 1500 m lower than the present snow line, some scholars considered that “glacial pothole” formed in the Quaternary is hard to work, even though in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Foundation: Regional landform and landscape survey programme of the Zhejiang Institute of Geological Survey Author: Zhu Cheng (1954–), Professor, specialized in geomorphology and the Quaternary geology.     

冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室主任秦大河院士应邀为欧洲大气研究讲习班(ERCA2008)授课

第十五期欧洲大气研究讲习班(ERCA2008)于2008年1月7日-2月8日在法国格勒诺布尔举办,由来自11个国家(中国、法国、德国、英国、比利时、瑞士、意大利、瑞典、美国、挪威和荷兰)的48位国际知名专家学者授课.     

宁夏清水河中上游发现末次冰期最盛期冰缘遗迹群

冰缘遗迹对重建一定区域和时间段的气候状况以及划定多年冻土边界具有重要意义。在宁夏清水河中上游(36°22′5″N～36°25′53″N)发现末次冰期最盛期冰缘遗迹群,包括古冰楔和融冻褶皱。其中,在唐堡村剖面发现有4处古冰楔,其形态呈楔形,上宽下窄;楔壁不平直,楔体周围地层中发育垮塌前形成的裂隙;楔体中充填有周围地层碎块和棕红色粉砂。在三岔河村剖面发现有两层连续的融冻褶皱,褶皱轴面倾向产状杂乱,无统一指向;褶皱轴部无明显加厚或减薄,翼部未发生层间滑动,褶皱层顶部未发育截切现象;层间褶皱未发育层间逆冲或正断裂。根据光释光测年和¹⁴C测年结果,古冰楔形成于14.06～11.45 ka B.P.,融冻褶皱形成于13 500～11 570 a B.P.。受新仙女木事件影响,清水河流域在末次冰期最盛期发育大面积多年冻土,分布范围至少到达36°22′5″N以南。末次冰期中国北方中纬度约20 ka以来冻土南界西段可以向南推移至少约52′(径向上距离约97 km)。这一发现为末次冰期中国北方多年冻土南界的划分提供了新的证据。     

浙江缙云县大洋山石鼓尖花岗岩坑穴成因

浙江缙云县大洋山石鼓尖海拔1477m,在其山顶花岗岩表面发现大量直径几十厘米至1m左右、深度10cm至45cm的坑穴。经对60处坑穴的形态量测发现,坑穴主要发育在山坡的NE和SE一侧;坑穴积水后出水口流向亦主要朝向NE和SE。对岩石标本的偏光显微镜和X荧光光谱鉴定分析发现,该处基岩为易风化、泥化明显的中细粒钾长花岗岩。该处年平均气温9.2oC,年降水量在1700mm以上,每年12月至翌年3月会经历4个月日气温在0oC上下波动的冰缘作用期,雨雪水冻融交替对基岩的崩解作用明显。该处位于夏季台风雨迎风坡（NE和SE坡）一侧,暴雨常伴随有10级以上大风。现场常可见风力吹蚀带动坑穴中细岩屑对坑穴内壁产生加速旋转磨蚀作用。上述研究表明,该处花岗岩坑穴形成的主要动力成因首先是冰缘寒冻风化作用,暴雨和山顶大风的风力吹蚀加速了坑穴的形成。观察表明,此种作用目前仍在进行之中,风向的转变是造成坑穴出现多种形态的主要原因。由于此处海拔距雪线尚有1500m高差,即使在第四纪盛冰期也仅是接近雪线高度,且因山顶无积雪屯冰的低洼地形,因此,第四纪“冰臼”成因说难以成立。     

寒区湿地春、夏浮游植物群落划分——以三江平原安邦河湿地为例

运用多元分析方法对安邦河湿地春、夏浮游植物群落进行划分,结果表明,两季节均可分为3个组群:(1)核心区组群,春季为绒毛平板藻.四角盘星藻群落,夏季为四角盘星藻群落;(2)边缘区组群,春季为梅尼小环藻-尖针杆藻群落,夏季为鱼腥藻-铜绿微囊藻.梅尼小环藻群落;(3)莲花池组群,春季为地中尖头藻群落,夏季为银灰平裂藻群落.各群落的种类组成、数量及多样性存在季节差异,与寒区环境因子季节变化相关.