新元古代全球冰川事件对早期生物演化的影响

新元古代曾发生过强烈的全球性冰川作用 ,紧随冰川作用之后 ,发生了两次生物大辐射事件。这一时期是地球上早期生命演化的重要时期 ,特别是宏观后生动物的出现标志着生物演化史进入了一个新纪元。全球性冰川作用与早期生命演化这二者之间是否存在着密切的联系呢 ?过去地质学家对于新元古代的冰川沉积物多偏重于地层学、沉积学等方面的研究 ,古生物学家又很少关心前寒武纪的冰期地层 ,“新元古代冰川作用”和“早期生命演化”二者很少放在一起讨论。文章重点讨论了冰川作用对早期生物演化的影响。论述了新元古代晚期全球性冰川作用存在的证据及其特点 ,分析了新元古代冰期前后地球上生物的重大演化特点 ,重点讨论了新元古代全球性冰川作用对地球早期生命演化特别是在真核细胞生物向多细胞动物进化的影响方式和作用机理 ,从而说明新元古代全球性冰川作用对地球早期生命演化起着重要的作用     

念青唐古拉山脉西段第四纪冰川作用

在念青唐古拉山脉西段南北两麓及切割山脉的各沟谷中,分布着3套更新世冰川沉积物。在本区最长的现代冰川———西布冰川的前端,也分布着3组全新世冰川沉积物。根据这些冰川沉积物的地层层序和冰川与湖泊沉积物的电子自旋共振(ESR)、U系等时线和光释光(OSL)年龄测定结果,本文将念青唐古拉山脉西段所发生的3次更新世冰川作用,分别命名为宁中冰期、爬然冰期和拉曲冰期,并与青藏高原的邻近地区进行了对比。各次冰期的冰川性质分别为大型山麓冰川、中小型山谷冰川和小型山谷冰川。全新世时期,现代冰川也有新冰期和小冰期的两次冰川前进。近期冰川则发生了明显的后退。本文还根据念青唐古拉山脉两麓冰前期、历次冰期和现代砾石层的砾石岩性及其与山脉各构造层岩性组成的对比,讨论了山脉的剥蚀与隆升问题     

Quaternary Geology and Faulting in the Damxung-Yangbajain Basin

The detailed geological mapping, conducted in the Damxung-Yangbajain basin, shows that there are many types of deposits formed since the Pliocene. The oldest sediments are formed during the Pliocene. The most prominent sediments are three sets of moraines and fluvioglacial deposits. The ESR, U-series and OSL dates indicate they are formed about 700-500 ka B.P., 250-125 ka B.P. and 75-12 ka B.P. respectively and indicate that there are three glacial periods since the mid-Pleistocene in the Nyainqentanglha Range. Along the southeast side of the Nyainqentanglha Range, the main southeast dipping fault zone which bounds the Damxung-Yangbajain Graben on its western edge was mapped. The fault zone consists of three secondary fault zones and their initiation ages that the fault zones became active gradually decrease southeastward. Prominent faulting occurred in about 700-500 ka B.P., 350-220 ka B.P., -140 ka B.P. and 70-50 ka B.P. since the mid-Pleistocene. The height of fault scarps which offset the sediments f     

U-Pb zircon age from the base of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges,South China： constraint on the age of Marinoan glaciation

The reported new U-Pb age by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP Ⅱ) on zircon was obtained from a tuff sample at the basal Doushantuo Formation in the Jiuqunao section, which situated at the western limb of the Huangling anticline in the Yangtze Gorges in Zigui, Hubei, South China. Eighteen spots of zircons were analyzed and they form two clusters: one includes three spots, with an inherited age of 784+ 15 Ma (MSWD=0.05); the other consists of 15 spots and gives a weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age of 628.3±5.8 Ma (MSWD=0.86). It is the first SHRIMP U-Pb zircon age obtained nearly the base of the Doushantuo Formation of Ediacaran and represents a maximum age of the Doushantuo Formation It also forms an age constraint on the upper limit age of the Nantuo (Marinoantype) glaciation.