克里雅河尾闾圆沙三角洲古河道剖面所记录全新世古绿洲环境变化

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地克里雅河沿岸的古绿洲与人类活动遗迹丰富,伴随着河流的变迁,遗址印记了古代文明的消失,河道成为孕育绿洲的证据.在浩瀚的沙漠中,古代文明与古绿洲属于依附关系.以圆沙古城为代表的圆沙古三角洲绿洲是孕育沙漠文明的典型.采自圆沙古城北侧深度约11 m的沉积剖面(KYN22),光释光测年和沉积学分析结果所示,剖面...     

渭河流域东部全新世黄土-古土壤剖面光释光测年及其记录的土壤侵蚀事件

在渭河流域东部老官台(LGT)全新世黄土-古土壤剖面中,系统采集了15个黄土释光测年样品,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)对这些样品的细颗粒混合矿物进行了光释光(OSL)测年,测定结果表明:红外之后蓝光释光([post—IR]OSL)的年龄偏大,红外释光(IRSL)的年龄偏小或与蓝光释光(BLSL)的年龄基本一致,应用IRSL和BLSL信号测定的OSL年龄整体偏小可能与测定样品中长石矿物的异常衰退有关,而[post—IR]OSL信号由于很少发生异常衰退问题,使得其年龄可靠性更高。基于测定的[post-IR]OSL年龄,结合该剖面的磁化率和粒度指标,进一步探讨了渭河流域东部自全新世以来发生的两期土壤侵蚀事件,第1期土壤侵蚀事件发生在约12.40～9.34 kaBP,即全新世大暧期来临之前的气候转暖期间;第2期土壤侵蚀事件发生在约4.60～3.76 kaBP,即全新世大暖期即将结束、气候开始出现恶化、黄河中游地区夏文化发展的时期,这为深入探索夏代发生的大洪水事件及其气候背景提供了科学依据,本区两期显著的土壤侵蚀事件的发现,揭示了东亚季风系统的不稳定性,表现为千年到百年尺度上的快速变化。     

表活剂对低渗裂缝性砂岩油藏渗吸驱油效果影响分析

由于低渗裂缝性油藏储集空间物理性质的复杂性和特殊性,渗吸效果控制着低渗透裂缝性油藏水驱开发动态与开发效果,而现场所采用的表面活性剂对渗吸驱油效果的影响将决定着措施成败。在分析油藏渗吸驱油机理基础上,通过对比实验研究,综合分析了不同种类和浓度表活剂对渗吸驱油效果的影响。总体上岩心渗吸驱油效率随表活剂浓度增加而降低,但一定浓度的,能较好的改善岩石表面润湿性的表活剂溶液将有助于渗吸驱油。这一研究为制定低渗裂缝性油藏合理的渗吸注水开发方式提供了理论依据。     

Approach to modeling and virtual-reality-based simulation for plant canopy lighting

Over the past 20 years, significant progress has been made in virtual plant modeling corresponding to the rapid advances in information technology. Virtual plant research has broad applications in agronomy, forestry, ecology and remote sensing. As many biological processes are driven by light, it is the key for virtual plant to estimate the light absorbed by each organ. This paper presents the radiance equation suitable for calculating sun and sky light intercepted by plant organs based on the principles of the interaction between light and plant canopy firstly; analyzes the process principles of plant canopy primary lighting based on ray casting and projection secondly; describes the multiple scattering of plant lighting based on Monte Carlo ray tracing method and on the radiosity method thirdly; and confirms the research with 3D visualization based on Virtual Reality Modeling Language （VRML） finally. The research is the primary work of digital agriculture, and important for monitoring and estimating corn growth in Northeast China.     

基于视频场景多因素的人群运动状态分析

视频GIS集成了视频处理和GIS分析,能够有效完成公共安全场景或区域的人群监测及分析,实现人群运动状态的准确把控。人群运动状态同群体性社会事件的发生及演变密切相关,视频可通过光流场和社会力场表达场景人群运动信息。为提高人群运动状态分析的准确性,综合考虑透视畸变、背景噪声和人群密度等场景多因素,提出根据视频场景多因素分析的人群运动状态的分析方法,通过引入长度透视校正参数和前景检测图像校正场景稠密光流场,然后以校正后的光流场为基础,顾及面积透视畸变与场景人群密度,估算视频前景社会力场。实验结果表明,该方法能够获取视频场景更显著的人群运动状态特征,并在人群行为异常检测等方面效果突出。     

春季季风间期赤道东印度洋浮游植物光合生理特征

Phytoplankton physiologies are dynamic and have sensitive responses to the ambient environment. In this paper,we examine photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton communities with Phyto-PAM in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon. Environmental parameters were measured to investigate the coupling between phytoplankton photosynthetic physiologies and their habitats. During the cruise, the water column was highly stratified. The mixed layer extended to about 75 m and was characterized by high temperature(28°C) and low nutrient level. The F_v/F_m values and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations were lower at the surface, as consequences of nutrient depletion and photo-inhibition. Subsurface Chl a maximum(SCM) occurred between 75 and 100 m, and had the highest F_v/F_m values. The formation of SCM was a balance between nutrient availability and light limitation. The SCM may contribute significantly to pelagic food web and primary production in the water column. Phytoplankton in different layers encountered different light, trophic and hydrographic dynamics and evolved distinct photosynthetic characteristics. Despite of co-limitation of nutrient limitation and photo-inhibition, phytoplankton in the surface layer showed their acclimation to high irradiance, had lower light utilization efficiencies(α: 0.061±0.032) and could exploit a wide range of light irradiance. Whereas, phytoplankton in the SCM layers presented the highest light utilization efficiencies(α:0.146±0.48), which guaranteed higher photosynthetic capacities under low light level. These results provide insights into phytoplankton photo-adaption strategies in this less explored region.     

九龙江口浮游植物群体对盐度胁迫的快速适应

Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/F_m′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/F_m′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/F_m′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/F_m′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(~(14)C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments.     

不同光质对坛紫菜果孢子和壳孢子萌发的影响

本研究探究了白、蓝、红、绿光4种光质对坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)果孢子和壳孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,与白光相比,用绿光培养时,果孢子萌发管分枝形成速度、萌发管生长速度,以及壳孢子的细胞分裂速度均相对较快,用红光与蓝光培养时则相对较慢。不同光质对坛紫菜果孢子和壳孢子的存活率无显著影响,但能造成萌发体色泽呈现明显差异。刚从孢子囊释放出来的两种孢子均呈黄褐色,经白光培养的两种孢子以及蓝光培养的果孢子,其萌发体颜色加深至鲜红色,蓝光培养的壳孢子萌发体颜色加深尤为明显,最终呈深紫红色,而红光和绿光培养的两种孢子颜色变浅,最终呈浅黄褐色。研究表明,绿光培养可能不利于坛紫菜孢子萌发过程的色素积累,但有利于孢子萌发及萌发体的生长。     

天山北缘河流阶地形成及构造变形定量分析

新生代以来,北天山山前发育了3排冲断褶皱带。新生代晚期一系列河流普遍穿过这3排冲断褶皱带并发育了三级河流阶地。在最新构造活动的影响下,河流阶地普遍发生变形,遭受抬升。利用光释光及14C年代学方法确定了塔西河三级阶地的形成年龄,并实际测量了三级阶地的高程。结果表明吐谷鲁背斜的构造抬升速率在32．85-28．75 ka问为9．50-12．57 mm／a,12-13 ka间为9．67-14．5 mm／a,全新世则增至10．79-23．44mm／a,天山基底的平均隆升速率达到3．39-3．86mm／a。通过对天山最高一级夷平面、野外实测侏罗纪地层高程及天山发育的煤层的相对隆升速率的研究则表明天山自24 Ma以来平均的隆升速率约为0．085-0．146 mm／a。结合对北天山其他主要河流阶地的观察及研究可以看出自晚更新世一全新世以来,天山北缘的最新构造活动具有不断加快的特征。     

北部湾涠洲岛南湾火山砂岩捕虏体光释光(OSL)测年结果

涠洲岛是北部湾内的一座火山岛,火山活动初步可以分为早-中更新世和晚更新世2期。晚期南湾火山是典型的射气岩浆喷发成因的火山,文中报道了南湾火山的上、下2层火山碎屑岩中砂岩捕虏体的光释光(OSL)测年结果,提出南湾火山喷发时代为距今约3万年左右的晚更新世末期