黄河三角洲沉积物压实固结及其对地面沉降贡献估算

利用1987年黄河三角洲综合性工程地质水文地质勘察中的152个钻孔与土力学中的分层总和计算法,对研究区域由沉积物自重压实引起的地面沉降进行了计算。结果表明:整个研究区范围内都不同程度地受到沉积物自重压实影响,总沉降量最小157 mm,最大1 398 mm,平均值669 mm,呈现由西南向东北逐渐增大的趋势。软土层是自重压实沉降的主要贡献层,其占到沉积物压实沉降总量的65%。与研究区内水准监测数据对比显示,沉降量估算结果是合理可靠的。根据对比结果进一步估算了沉积物压实固结分量对地面沉降总量的贡献比,最小值为2.1%,最大值为15.0%,平均值为4.0%,沉积物自重压实固结对今后区域的地面沉降仍将产生长远的影响。     

变暖背景下南宁市气候承载力定量评价

利用2000—2019年南宁市气象数据及社会统计资料,构建包含4个准则层和27个指标的南宁市气候承载力定量评价体系,开展南宁市气候承载力评价研究。结果表明,近20a南宁市气候承载力呈波动下降的趋势,气候承载空间不容乐观;天然气候容量和极端气候事件压力指数年际波动明显,城市气候压力和城市协调发展能力指数均呈显著上升趋势,但前者上升幅度显著大于后者。南宁市气候系统脆弱性较大,极易受到大风和极端暴雨的影响,城市气候协调发展能力的增长无法抵消城市经济发展及气候不稳定性对气候系统造成的负面压力。南宁市的气候承载力提升需要降低城市气候系统压力,提升防御自然灾害能力,大力发展绿色经济,减少气候变暖背景下气候异常波动的负面影响。     

西安市城市资源压力与城市化水平的灰色关联分析

统计结果显示西安城市化水平的提高也伴随着城市资源压力的加大,为了找出它们之间定量的数字特征关系,运用综合评价法对西安市近15年的城市化水平进行了测度.同时,使用资源压力指数法对西安市城市资源压力进行了定量评价,最后,用灰色关联分析方法对城市资源压力指数与城市化水平的各相关因子之间的关系进行研究.结果表明,城市资源压力与最能体现城市化发展水平的"城市现代化水平"因子之间存在着极强的关联,针对这一现状,提出了缓解城市资源压力和协调加快城市化发展进程之间矛盾的几点建议.     

岩石变形、流体压力与热液成矿关系的研究现状

地壳中岩石的变形模式受构造应力、流体压力和上覆岩层重力共同作用的影响。岩石组成和构造应力的大小、方向决定着岩石的变形过程,同时岩石的破裂还受先存断裂构造的影响。流体压力增大,岩石可以发生水力破裂,而引起水力引张破裂的条件是σ1-σ3<4T和Pf=σ3+T。随着深度的增加,受地温梯度的影响,岩石由脆性变形向韧性变形转变。在无流体超压影响的情况下,脆韧性转换的温度在300~450℃之间,大约在地壳15km处。当流体压力和应变速率增大时,韧性条件下的岩石变形行为由韧性向脆性变化,脆韧性转变的深度随之增大。从构造角度探讨热液成矿作用,热液矿床形成的深度与流体压力、应变速率、裂隙的发育、介质的渗透率、温度变化等相关。岩石断裂的类型和方向影响岩石的渗透率,提供流体运移的通道和聚集场所,控制矿床形成的深度、位置和矿体产状。     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

关于提高矿产资源参与宏观调控能力的有关问题

当前,我国能源和矿物原材料供应形势紧张,矛盾加剧,对国民经济健康平稳运行影响较大,必须从总量和结构等方面入手,有针对性地进行调控与调节,缓解资源约束与压力,促进原材料价格平稳,保障我国经济和社会发展需要的矿产资源能源安全供应,实际上这就是矿产资源管理参与宏观调控的目标、目的和依据,也是落实科学发展观的根本要求.     

FEM for stability analysis against overturning of portal water injection sheet pile

Portal water injection sheet pile （PWISP）, as a retaining wall, appeared in seashore engineering in 2000. Although there have been many systematic methods addressing the issue, there are very few focusing on the new structure because of the difficulties in defining the earth pressure between the two piles. A new method is proposed in this paper to obtain the earth pressure between the PWISPs. Stability analysis against overturning follows as a consequence. Using Finite Element Analysis （FEA） software ANSYS, both the nonlinear characteristics of the soil and those of the contact elements are taken into account to obtain the earth pressure distribution on the contact surface. Based on the results of the FEA, Rankin＇s theory and the slip plane theory, the formula of the earth pressure on the inner surfaces between the piles is given. Assuming the PWISP as the analysis object and the earth pressure as an outside force acting upon it, the equation of stability against overturning of the PWISP is presented. Finally, some parameters are discussed about the stability of the PWISP against overturning, such as the embedded depth of the front pile, the distance between the two rows of piles, the internal friction angle and the cohesion of the earth. The results show that the increase of the cohesion and the internal friction angle will decrease the distance and the embedded depth, and therefore enhance the stability against overturning. Specifically, when the distance is 1/3-2/3 of the maximal excavation depth, the two rows of piles give the best performance in stability.     

承压水减压引起的沉降分析

由下卧承压水层减压引起的固结沉降计算与一般的由堆载或潜水位下降引起的固结沉降计算不同,本文着重研究了在深厚弱透水层下卧强透水承压层的复杂地质条件下,下卧承压水层减压引起的土中应力变化及周围地表沉降的计算方法;在假定一维竖向固结的条件下推导了减压引起的沉降固结度计算公式,该公式与常规的双向排水固结公式相同,表明排水减压固结与常规的双向排水固结有着相同的效果.最后,将此分析方法应用于潮州供水枢纽工程西溪水闸沉降分析中,实践的结果表明,该方法简单可行,能较好地满足工程要求.     

不同破碎波对沙质海床作用的实验研究

破碎波对近海海岸地形以及海岸建筑物影响强烈,通过物理模型实验对孤立波、规则波作用下破碎带的床面形态以及孔隙水压力进行分析。破碎波冲击海床,破碎处床面上形成沙坝和沙坑,与规则波相比,孤立波破碎时对床面的冲刷更加剧烈,床面形成的沙坝和沙坑尺度更大,且土体内孔隙水压力幅值也较大。同时研究了波面变化对孔隙水压力的影响,发现波面变化历时曲线与孔隙水压力历时曲线相似,与孔隙水压力梯度历时曲线更为相似,说明波面变化更能反映海床内部孔隙水压力梯度的变化。通过探讨波浪与海床之间相互耦合作用,发现破碎带地形变化使得波浪出现不同破碎类型,分析得出卷破波比崩破波作用下孔隙水压力幅值大。