对江北区城中村改造工作的思考

“城中村”,指的是在城市化、工业化进程中,原来处于城市边缘,周边土地因用于城市建设而逐步被城市包围,但其剩余土地性质、建筑格局、社会管理和居民生活方式等仍保留传统农村特征的村落。城中村,既是当今社会城市化、工业化快速推进的产物,又是城市化进程必须解决的民生问题。     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China’s Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China＇s coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements （Hg, Sb and Se） is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

RBF网络在地质样品非线性基体效应校正中的应用

基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)网络的正交最小平方算法,对攀枝花地质样品进行动态非线性基体效应校正.首先采用EDXRF仪器对样品进行测量,并对样品的荧光计数进行归一化,设计出自动分类模型和动态非线性数据基体效应校正模型的二级串联结构,用自组织神经网络(SOFM)进行分类,然后用RBF网络预测了未知样品元素Ti的百分含量.结果表明:对所预测样本的Ti的百分含量与化学分析相比的误差均小于0.5%.由此可见,用RBF方法可以有效地对地质样品进行非线性基体效应校正,能够达到工矿生产的要求.     

长春地区高回填土力学性质的研究

依据工程实例中桩顶位移数据,利用位移与内力之间的关系,采用"m"法,进行反分析研究.结果表明,支护桩桩顶理论位移为147.9 mm,与实际位移64 m差距较大,所以高回填土c,φ值所采用的经验值不精确.本文给出了长春地区回填土c,φ值的折减系数(分别为1.4和1.28).     

评价生物气生成量、生成期的元素平衡法及其应用

生物气的生成期对其成藏有至关重要的制约作用,但目前国内外尚缺少可信、有效方法来对此进行评价。针对这一难题,考虑到无论生物气的生成机理如何,都是一个有机元素之间的物质平衡过程,文章探索并建立了评价生物气生成量的元素平衡法,并利用松辽盆地大量的实际分析数据,对这一评价方法(模型)进行了标定和应用。结果表明,松辽盆地生物气的生成可能主要发生在800m以浅的埋深条件下;区内源岩生物气的生成量约为285.0×1012m3;生物气的主要生成期在嫩江组沉积末期之前。     

淮南刘庄煤矿地基人工冻融土工程性质与中微观结构之间关系研究

以淮南刘庄煤矿主井地基的人工冻融土为研究对象,以偏光显微镜,扫描电镜（SEM）为主要研究手段,研究分析了人工冻融土与原状土的中微观结构、冻融前后的中微观结构的变化规律及内在原因。此外,还研究分析了人工冻融土冻融前后的中微观结构及其变化与人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质之间的关系。研究显示中微观结构对人工冻融土的物理、力学、工程性质有很大的影响,冻融前后中微观结构的变化受到土的种类、埋深、原状土的中微观结构等因素的影响,且冻融前后的中微观结构的变化在一定程度上主导了冻融前后的物理、力学、工程性质的改变。     

三线阵CCD卫星影像的模拟

数据模拟是进行科研理论研究的重要步骤。本文论述了利用正射影像及对应的DEM数据,按照摄影测量原理模拟三线阵CCD卫星影像的方法,并采用APOLLO影像数据验证了所提出的三线阵CCD影像模拟方法的可行性和正确性。     

高科技元素将助力上海世博会

随着上海世博会的脚步越来越近,社会对世博会的关注度也越来越高。上海世博会事务协调局副局长黄健之28日在成都介绍世博会筹备进展时表示,“科技办博”将是上海世博会的重要内容。     

太原盆地农田区大气降尘对土壤重金属元素 累积的影响及其来源探讨

通过研究太原盆地大气干湿沉降中重金属元素的含量分布特征及年输入通量,讨论其对土壤中重金属元素累积的影响。同时采用富集因子法探讨降尘物质的来源。研究结果表明,降尘中重金属元素As、Cd主要来源于人为活动,Pb的来源可能是人为源和自然源。而Hg则主要来源于自然源。