Mercury distribution and accumulation in typical wetland ecosystems of Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

Total mercury in soil,water,plant,insects,fishes and bird feathers were determined to study mercury distribution and accumulation in typical wetland ecosystems in the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Results show that total mercury concentrations in soils of Deyeuxia angustifolia wetland and Carex lascarpa wetland are 0.046 mg/kg and 0.063 mg/kg,respectively.Total mercury concentration in water bodies is 0.053 μg/L on average.Of four plants studied,total mercury in moss is the highest with the mean of 0.132 mg/kg.Of 10 terrestrial insect species studied,total mercury in centipede(Scolopendra spp.) is the highest with the mean of 0.515 mg/kg while total mercury in grasshopper(Oxya spp.) bodies is the lowest.Total mercury concentrations in the herbivorous,omnivorous and predatory insects are 10.18 ng/g,16.47 ng/g and 213.35 ng/g on average,respectively.Total mercury concentrations of the adult feather(549.88 ± 63.04 ng/g),nestling feather(55.15 ± 23.53 ng/g),and eggshell(22.05 ± 5.96 ng/g) of the Grey heron(Ardea cinerea) are higher than those of the Great egret(Egretta alba)(adult feather:446.57 ± 90.89 ng/g;nestling feather:32.99 ± 17.15 ng/g;eggshell:21.02 ± 3.17 ng/g) in the wetlands of the Sanjiang Plain.The bioconcentration factors decrease in the order of piscivorous fish muscle > omnivorous fish muscle > herbivorous fish > insect.     

Labile organic matter content and distribution as affected by six-year soil amendments to eroded Chinese mollisols

Labile organic carbon （LOC） is a fraction of soil organic carbon （SOC） with rapid turnover time and is affected by soil fertilization. This investigation characterized the SOC content, LOC content and LOC distribution in the treatment plots of surface soil erosion at five levels （0-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 30-cm erosion）. The soil had received contrasting fertilizer treatments （i.e., chemical fertilizer or chemical fertilizer ＋ manure） for 6 years. This study demonstrated that both SOC and various LOC fractions contents were higher in the plots with fertilizer ＋ manure than in those with fertilizer alone under the same erosion conditions. The SOC and LOC contents de- creased as the erosion depth increased. Light fraction organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon （KMnO4-oxydizable organic carbon）, and microbial biomass carbon were 27% 57%, 37%-7%, 20%-25%, and 29%-33% higher respectively in the fertilizer ＋ manure plots, than in the fertilizer alone plots. Positive correlations （p 〈 0.05） between SOC content and different fractions contents were observed in all plots except the correlation between total SOC content and water-soluble organic carbon content in the different fertilization treatments. Obviously, fertilizer ＋ manure treatments would be conducive to the accumulation of LOC and SOC in the Black soil of Northeast China.     

绥滨盆地城子河组煤层中矿物含量及赋存状态研究

绥滨盆地位于黑龙江省东北部,其地理座标在东经130°30′～132°00′,北纬46°40′～47°40′之间。为一北东向展布的中生代构造盆地。范围西起军川断裂,东至绥滨县;南自集贤县的福利屯与双鸭山盆地相接,北至黑龙江畔。南北长约97km,东西宽平均50km,     

拯救土地的“奇兵”

土地重金属污染是全球面临的一个亟待解决的环境问题,传统的土壤重金属污染治理的方法不仅费用昂贵、需要专门的仪器和技术人员,而且大多只能暂时缓解重金属的危害,还可能导致二次污染,近年来利用植物对重金属污染物的吸收、富集和转化能力去除土壤中的重金属污染物为修复土地重金属污染提供了一条新的治理途径:相对于常规方法,植物修复技     

云南某地区域地球化学元素分形特征及指示意义

以云南某地1∶20万区域地球化学为例,选取其中的Ag、Cd、Co、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn、Sn、W等11个数据,运用含量-面积法对上述元素分析,建立元素的C-A分形模型,研究表明,元素在空间分布上服从分形分布特征,可以通过不同的分维值来刻画;分形方法可以有效的分析地球化学的背景场与异常场,根据元素异常场的分维值,可以从元素空间富集角度对地球化学元素进行分类,研究表明,Cu、Sn、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn可以为本区的主要成矿元素,具有找矿潜力。     

琼东南盆地崖南区少井岩性建模技术研究

崖南区是琼东南盆地已证实的富生烃区,几口已钻井都已证实主要目的层段为高压地层,利用常规的压力预测方法预测新钻井的压力会出现较大的误差.若是从区域应力角度入手预测新钻井的压力误差会减小,其预测基础为岩性模型.对于已开发的油气田,利通常规的岩性建模方法可以建立较好的岩性模型;但是对于崖南区而言,由于地震资料品质不是很好,同时本区钻井较少,很难通过常规的建模方法建立岩性模型,所以本区研究重点是如何利用少井建立岩性模型.通过研究认为若完成崖南区的岩性建模必须改进建模流程,改进的岩性建模流程克服了常规岩性建模在崖南区存在的问题,主要有三方面的优点:1)不采用相模型约束岩性建模,解决了由于研究区相模型划相较粗很难约束岩性模型建立的问题;2)属性模型控制岩性模型的横向变化趋势,解决了几种常规属性与岩性间没有较好关系的问题;3)利用泥质含量结合岩性资料建立岩性体,得到的岩性模型比较接近实际情况.C井钻前完成岩性模型建立,利用C井井点位置提取岩性数据与本井钻后录井岩性数据对比,发现预测岩性与录井岩性的吻合程度很高,证明改进的岩性建模思路在崖南少井区可用.     

山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物元素组成及物源指示意义

通过对山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物常量、微量元素、有机碳(TOC)以及碳酸盐(CaCO₃)等指标的分析,研究了该海域表层沉积物元素组成特征及其控制因素,并对物质来源进行了探讨。结果表明,山东半岛东部海域表层沉积物元素的平均组成与上陆壳(UCC)相比Al,K,Na,Mg,Fe,Ca,Cu和Zn等元素,相对较低,而Mn,Co,Ni,Cr以及REE元素含量较高,Si和Ti与UCC的含量相当。研究区砂粒级沉积物轻重稀土分异明显,(La/Yb)_N值与韩国河流的非常相近;其余粒级沉积物LREE分异较弱,标准化曲线与黄河沉积物的具有相似性。研究区沉积物的元素含量主要受控于源岩组成,存在明显的"粒级效应"。除此之外,Fe-Mn氧化物、生物碳酸盐等因素对元素组成产生一定影响。沉积物物源判别结果显示,山东半岛近岸及其东南部沉积物主要来源于黄河,该区域沉积物分布受山东半岛沿岸流及近岸潮流影响。研究区东北部为残留砂,其沉积物元素组成特征与朝鲜半岛和鸭绿江沉积物组成相近,表明研究区东北部砂质区沉积物代末次冰期低海平面时可能由朝鲜半岛或鸭绿江供应。     

不同粘粒含量粉质土动孔压发展模式试验研究

以黄河三角洲粉质土为研究对象,采用动三轴试验方法,探讨不同粘粒含量对粉质土孔压发展变化的影响,给出不同粘粒质量分数的粉质土动孔压的发展模式,并对动孔压发展模式表达式中的系数进行讨论。结果表明,动孔压发展模式公式中b值代表了粘粒质量分数对土体孔隙水压力发展的影响,9％为不同粘粒质量分数土体孔隙水压力发展的拐点,拐点前后孔隙水压力的发展模式不同。     

浅析用开氏法测定煤样中氮元素含量的主要影响因素

概述了开氏法测量煤中氮含量的重要性及其开氏法测定的原理,对测定过程中几方面主要因素的影响进行了较详细的论述分析.指出在测定过程中,必须认真、细致的考虑到各方面的影响因素,才能保证测定结果的准确性.     

Preliminary investigations on Arctic microalgae by joint aDDlication of fluorescent instruments

In vivo fluorescence has a wide application in analyzing microalgae, including assessing phytoplankton biomass, rates of primary production and physiological status. This study describes a preliminary investigation on the joint application of the three kinds of fluorescence analysis in the physiological study of microalgae. Flow cytometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to obtain the in vivo static fluorescence information of pigments, and a Pulsed-Amplitude-Modulation chlorophyll fluorometer was used to detect the dynamic fluorescence of chlorophyll. The validity of the joint application was proved by analyzing two labora- tory cultured Arctic microalgae, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima （Bacillariophyceae） and Thalassiosira sp. The higher value of minimum fluorescence yield in dark-adapted state （Fo）, actual photochemical efficiency of PSll （ФPSII）, and electron transport rate （ETR） exhibited positive results in a higher cell abundance and chlorophyll a content of P. delicatissima; whereas higher fl-carotene content of Thalassiosira sp. played an important role in the protection of photosynthesis.