基于流动单元的储层评价及剩余油预测

采用自然分段结合聚类分析的方法,在该区识别出4类流动单元,并以短期旋回为单位,对各类流动单元进行了平面分布预测,按流动单元的平面结构特征将短期旋回分为4类.采用概念模拟、定性分析和定量模拟的方法对剩余油进行了研究,表明储层流动单元结构对剩余油的控制明显,处于一类、二类短期旋回中的大面积连续分布的E,G型流动单元大多水淹,而在以F型为主的三类短期旋回中不被控制的小型孤立的G型流动单元及大面积分布的F型流动单元成为剩余油富集部位,针对此,开发调整策略应加强小规模E,G型流动单元的完善,加大三类短期旋回的动用力度,封堵一类短期旋回.这一策略明显改善了油田的开发效果.     

约束稀疏脉冲反演在储层预测中的应用

兰尕背斜带处于塔河油田南部,具有发育非背斜圈闭的条件,勘探程度较低,依赖于初始模型的常规反演方法难以获得精确的反演结果。而约束稀疏脉冲反演不依赖模型,其反演的精度取决于原始数据特征。为此,在兰尕地区利用约束稀疏脉冲反演技术进行了储层预测。首先简单介绍了约束稀疏脉冲反演技术的基本原理及其实现方法,然后对砂体发育带进行了预测,其反演结果与井的钻探结果基本吻合。     

深水中大跨径斜拉桥地震响应分析

本文以某斜拉桥为例,采用基于Morison方程的附加动水质量方法研究了动水压力对深水中大跨径斜拉桥地震响应的影响,并对中国、日本和欧洲规范中动水惯性系数的取值进行了对比研究。结果表明,在深水条件下应当考虑动水压力作用对结构地震响应的影响。对比日本和欧洲规范,我国规范中动水惯性系数取值偏低,动水压力的影响偏小。     

Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) isapplied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissionsover eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows thatthe increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects onregional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations.During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northernhemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has aregional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near easternChina has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, thesurface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summerthey increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx,and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes inchemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate.The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreasesand air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes oftemperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We shouldmention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculatedconcentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared tomeasured results. However, because this model is a coupleddynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding theclimate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.     

地下硐室围岩松动圈的地震反应研究

地下空间大规模的开发和利用是当前城市发展建设的必然趋势。尽管我们的祖先在远古时代就学会了利用洞穴而居,但是人类从工程建设意义上开发和利用地下空间还不到2000年的历史。20世纪中后期是人类开发利用地下空间比较活跃的时期,在这期间科学界和工程     

舒适度测量仪探测系统开发

舒适度测量仪探测系统主要由采集器、传感器、支架、供水系统、通信模块、数据采集软件6个部分组成.除通信模块之外,其他5个部分都是全新设计.采集器是系统的核心,负责数据的采集、处理和传输;数据采集软件安装在中心服务器上,负责数据的采集、处理、显示和存储,并能远程监测和遥控探测现场的设备.此外,对舒适度的相关理论进行分析,给出适合广州地区的舒适度指数分级标准,并对舒适度测量仪探测数据进行分析.近一年的试运行表明,系统运行稳定、探测数据可靠、适合业务组网的要求.     

面对灾害压力美国政府层面上机构调整呼声强烈

面对近年来包括飓风、海啸、地震、森林火灾和地质灾害在内的各种自然灾害的侵扰,美国管理和学术界的有识之士,从国家应对灾害的经验和教训中,开始思考在联邦政府层面上如何通过调整从面提高应对自然灾害的能力。     

一个压力坐标下的海洋环流模式

A new oceanic general circulation model in pressure coordinates is formulated. Since the bottom pressure changes with time, the vertical coordinate is actually a pressure-σ coordinate. The numerical solution of the model is based on an energy-conservation scheme of finite difference. The most important new feature of the model is that it is a truly compressible ocean model and it is free of the Boussinesq approxima tions. Thus, the new model is quite different from many existing models in the following ways: 1) the exact form of mass conservation, 2) the in-situ instantaneous pressure and the UNESCO equation of state to calculate density, 3) the in-situ density in the momentum equations, 4) finite difference schemes that conserve the total energy. Initial tests showed that the model code runs smoothly, and it is quite stable. The quasi-steady circulation patterns generated by the new model compare well with existing models, but the time evolution of the new model seems different from some existing models. Thus, the non-Boussinesq models may provide more accurate information for climate study and satellite observations.     

A scheme for estimating tropical cyclone intensity using AMSU-A data

Brightness temperature anomalies measured by the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit （AMSU） on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration （NOAA） polar-orbiting series are suited to estimate tropical cyclone （TC） intensity by virtue of their ability to assess changes in tropospheric warm core struc-ture in the presence of clouds. Analysis of the measurements from different satellites shows that the variable horizontal resolution of the instrument has significant effects on the observed brightness temperature anoma-lies. With the aim to decrease these effects on TC intensity estimation more easily and effectively, a new simple correction algorithm, which is related to the product of the brightness temperature gradient near the TC center and the size of the field-of-view （FOV） observing the TC center, is proposed to modify the observed anomalies. Without other measurements, the comparison shows that the performance of the new algorithm is better than that of the traditional, physically-based algorithm. Furthermore, based on the correction algorithm, a new scheme, in which the brightness temperature anomalies at 31.4 GHz and 89 GHz accounting for precipitation effects are directly used as the predictors with those at 54.94 GHz and 55.5 GHz, is developed to estimate TC intensity in the western North Pacific basin. The collocated AMSU-A observations from NOAA-16 with the best track （BT） intensity data from the Japan Meteorological Agency （JMA） in 2002-2003 and in 2004 are used respectively to develop and validate regression coefficients. For the independent validation dataset, the scheme yields 8.4 hPa of the root mean square error and 6.6 hPa of the mean absolute error. For the 81 collocated cases in the western North Pacific basin and for the 24 collocated cases in the Atlantic basin, compared to the BT data, the standard deviations of the estimation differences of the results are 15% and 11% less than those of the CIMSS （Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Univ     

高炮故障发生原因及其预防措施

我师在防雹、增雨作业中,主要使用的是军队退役下来的单、双管“37”高炮。随着强对流天气增多,这项工作规模也在不断扩大。目前,我师已有高炮46门,每年作业耗弹量3～4万发。由于作业量的增大,高炮各种故障时有发生,严重影响了防雹工作的顺利开展。下面就故障发生的原因谈一些看法。1故障发生的主要原因1.1高炮专用工具和配件少高炮作业手在操作使用高炮过程中,缺少专用工具和配件,高炮出现了故障,炮手就无法及时分解结合及更换零件排除故障,这不但影响作业时机造成经济损失,还会造成事故发生。1.2维护保养不到位炮身、抽筒子装置、闭锁装置…