小球藻和铜绿微囊藻的高浓度Chl-a高光谱定量模型

本研究将地物高光谱遥感技术应用于室内实验,从而得到小球藻和铜绿微囊藻的高光谱特征.通过多种半经验方法,如单波段、波段比值和微分法,建立了两藻种最优的Chl-a高光谱定量模型,并与室外情况进行了对比.结果表明:小球藻的最优定量模型为Chl-a=174.6 1138292(R703) 2.3(109[(R703)]2(p＜0.01),相应的方法适宜性为:一阶微分法＞单波段法＞波段比值法;铜绿微囊藻的最优定量模型为Chl-a=5299164(R757)1.9773(p＜0.01),相应的方法适宜性为:单波段法＞波段比值法＞一阶微分法;从高光谱特征来看,小球藻在540 nm和700 nm附近存在明显的特征波峰,其位置随Chl-a浓度增大而向长波方向偏离,铜绿微囊藻在530 nm、660 nm和700 nm附近存在3个较强的特征波峰,在610 nm和680 nm附近存在明显的波谷;与以往室外研究不同的是铜绿微囊藻的反射率在400-500 nm之间的R值并不低,是因为没有非藻类颗粒物的影响,总吸收明显降低.     

水网藻附着对亚洲苦草光合特性的影响

运用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定附着了水网藻的亚洲苦草(Vallisneria asiatica)叶片的荧光参数和快速光响应曲线.在水网藻主要附着的苦草叶片上部,15 d后Fv/Fm显著下降,光系统(PS)的光化学效率显著降低;附着水网藻的叶片通过热的形式耗散掉的能量极显著增加(P＜0.01),有效荧光产量、光化学淬灭系数和相对光合电子传递速率(rETR)、Chl.a、类胡萝卜素(Car)、Chl.a/Chl.b和Car/Chl.a均显著降低;在快速光响应曲线中,当光照强度高于104 μmol/(m2·s)后,随光照强度的增加,附着水网藻的苦草叶片的rETR显著低于对照,光合作用能力下降;且其饱和光强为248μmol/(m2·s),显著低于对照叶片的685 μmol/(m2·s),表明水网藻附着苦草叶片后导致叶片光响应能力显著下降.     

高光谱遥感数据的改正暗目标大气校正方法研究

高光谱遥感数据常用的大气校正方法均侧重于去除水汽及其他吸收气体的影响, 主要研究了从高光谱影像同时去除气溶胶与水汽影响的方法. 由于高光谱遥感数据波段众多, 常规暗目标方法一直难以适用于高光谱遥感数据的大气校正. 通过选取小麦作为新的暗目标对象, 着重讨论了使用多波段线性回归与插值的方法对常规暗目标方法进行改正使之充分利用高光谱的众多波段特性, 从而把改进的暗目标方法扩展应用于高光谱遥感数据的大气校正. 为了同时去除大气中水汽的影响, 大气校正全过程采用了循环迭代的算法. 以山东济宁地区EO-1卫星搭载的Hyperion高光谱数据为应用实例, 通过使用MODTRAN建立的查找表直接从影像估算出气溶胶与水汽含量, 实现了对该数据的大气校正. 大气校正的结果表明, 改正暗目标大气校正算法可以有效地对高光谱遥感数据进行大气校正.     

利用重复地震P波走时差观测地壳介质的微动态

基于研究区域地震震相到时资料及地震波数据,给出了两个局部地区地壳介质微动态变化的实例。一个是汶川8.0级地震起始破裂区域,即A区;另一个是三岔口地区,即B区,该区域为活动断裂交汇部位,未发生过大地震,但近年来中小地震频繁。分析A区后发现,在汶川8.0级地震前,部分台站观测的地壳介质微动态出现了中短期异常,震源区正东及北东方向波速升高,反映出地壳介质受到显著挤压而处于硬化阶段;震源区西南方向的波速则比较稳定。分析B区后发现,可能受到汶川8.0级地震的影响,部分台站给出的计算结果在地震前后发生了变化,显示出不同方位地壳介质承压状态的差异。     

附着生物对太湖常见的两种沉水植物快速光曲线的影响

在水草生长比较旺盛的季节(7-8月),以水草较丰富的贡湖湾作为采样区域,野外采样结合室内分析研究太湖常见的两种沉水植物马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)及穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)叶上的附着生物的生物量;利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光仪研究去除附着生物前后两种沉水植物的光合作用的变化.结果表明,马来眼子菜和穗花狐尾藻两种沉水植物上的附着生物的现存量存在显著的差异,附着生物群落中自养生物与异养生物的比值没有显著差异;两种沉水植物在去除附着生物前后的光合参数有显著的变化,光合作用效率、半饱和光强、最大电子传递速率增加.这表明附着生物降低了沉水植物光合作用.     

城际快速铁路软土路基沉降控制新技术

根据软土地基上修建城际快速铁路路基遇到的沉降控制问题,结合近年来相关城际快速铁路的软基加固试验研究和工程建设情况,简要介绍了几种适用于城际快速铁路软土地基沉降控制新技术,包括PCC桩复合地基技术、浆固碎石桩复合地基技术、现浇X形桩复合地基技术、桩板结构技术等,讨论了沉降控制的几个关键环节。     

A new spatial coherence model and analytical coefficients for multi-support response spectrum combination

In this paper, a new spatial coherence model of seismic ground motions is proposed by a fi tting procedure. The analytical expressions of modal combination (correlation) coeffi cients of structural response are developed for multi-support seismic excitations. The coeffi cients from both the numerical integration and analytical solutions are compared to verify the accuracy of the solutions. It is shown that the analytical expressions of numerical modal combination coeffi cients are of high accuracy. The results of random responses of an example bridge show that the analytical modal combination coeff icients developed in this paper are accurate enough to meet the requirements needed in practice. In addition, the computational effi ciency of the analytical solutions of the modal combination coeff icients is demonstrated by the response computation of the example bridge. It is found that the time required for the structural response analysis by using the analytical modal combination coeffi cients is less than 1/20 of that using numerical integral methods.     

Pushover analysis procedure for systems considering SSI effects based on capacity spectrum method

This paper presents a new procedure to transform an SSI system into an equivalent SDOF system using twice equivalence. A pushover analysis procedure based on the capacity spectrum method for buildings with SSI effects （PASSI） is then established based on the equivalent SDOF system, and the modified response spectrum and equivalent capacity spectrum are obtained. Furthermore, the approximate formulas to obtain the dynamic stiffness of foundations are suggested. Three steel buildings with different story heights （3, 9 and 20） including SSI effects are analyzed under two far-field and two near-field historical records and an artificial seismic time history using the two PASSI procedures and the nonlinear response history analysis （NLhRHA） method. The results are compared and discussed. Finally, combined with seismic design response spectrum, the nonlinear seismic response of a 9-story building with SSI effects is analyzed using the PASSI procedures, and its seismic performance is evaluated according to the Chinese ＇Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The feasibility of the proposed procedure is verified.     

Optimal design of structures for earthquake loads by a hybrid RBF-BPSO method

The optimal seismic design of structures requires that time history analyses （THA） be carried out repeatedly. This makes the optimal design process inefficient, in particular, if an evolutionary algorithm is used. To reduce the overall time required for structural optimization, two artificial intelligence strategies are employed. In the first strategy, radial basis function （RBF） neural networks are used to predict the time history responses of structures in the optimization flow. In the second strategy, a binary particle swarm optimization （BPSO） is used to find the optimum design. Combining the RBF and BPSO, a hybrid RBF-BPSO optimization method is proposed in this paper, which achieves fast optimization with high computational performance. Two examples are presented and compared to determine the optimal weight of structures under earthquake loadings using both exact and approximate analyses. The numerical results demonstrate the computational advantages and effectiveness of the proposed hybrid RBF-BPSO optimization method for the seismic design of structures.     

海区前新生代残留盆地油气研究的综合地球物理技术

我国前新生代残留盆地油气资源的巨大潜力已为近年的一些勘探实践所证实,但是仍面临许多技术难题.本文介绍了近年在863计划支持下,针对残留盆地油气勘探难题所研究的一些方法与技术.其中包括针对我国海区残留盆地勘探目标的地震采集技术、基于弯曲射线的复杂构造叠前成像技术和残留盆地残余厚度提取技术等.这些技术已在我国海域进行了试验并取得了一定的成效.