中国云南哀牢山含海蓝宝石伟晶岩的起源和成岩模拟实验研究

The Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites are associated with Proterozoic metamorphic rocks in the southern portion of the Ailaoshan fault-folded complex.The gem-bearing pegmatite mineralization zones of the region occur in areas generally consistent with the regional tectonic trend.The pegmatites are found in metamorphic rocks,migmatites and in the inner/outer contact zones of gneissoid granites. The Rb-Sr isochron drawn for the pegmatites is 26～31 Ma,(i.e.in Himalayan).The homogenization temperatures of melt and liquid inclusions in minerals vary from 185 to 920℃,which are comparable to the inclusions observed in banded migmatites and ptygmatic quartz veins in the surrounding metamorphic rocks. The mineralization fluids of the pegmatite were rich in HCO_3 and CO_2,and their compositional assemblages are comparable to metamorphic fluids.Results of H,O,C,Si etc.isotopic analyses and REE,and Be analyses indicates that the sources of mineralization components that formed the pegmatites are closely associated with metamorphic fluids and the enclosing metamorphic rocks. A pegmatite structure simulation experiment was conducted at high temperature and pressure(840℃and 1,500×105Pa.),with various metamorphic rock samples in a water-rich and volatile-rich environment.When the liquidus was reached,the temperature was gradually decreased at the rate of 5～10℃/day over a time period of three months.SEM energy-dispersive spectrum analyses were performed on the experimental products.A series of pegmatoid textures were observed including zonal texture,megacryst texture,drusy cavities,crystal druses,and vesicular texture along with more than ten types of minerals including plagioclase,microcline,quartz and biotite.Different metamorphic rock melts generated different mineral assemblages.Experiment results revealed that the partial melting of metamorphic rocks could form melts similar to pegmatite magmas. Based upon the geological characteristics,geochemistry,and pegmatite texture simulation experimental results,it is concluded that the mineralization components of Ailaoshan aquamarine-bearing pegmatites came from metamorphic rocks.The petrogenetic model for the origin of pegmatites is related to ultrametamorphism and metamorphic anatexis.     

中国不同成因伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件

对湖南幕阜山、云南哀牢山、新疆可可托海及福建西坑４个地区的伟晶岩研究表明：这些伟晶岩矿物的熔融包裹体和熔流包裹体均一温度为４５０～１１４０°Ｃ,气—液包裹体均一温度为１８０～４００°Ｃ,不同地区包裹体类型和均一温度有所差别。气液包裹体中的主要液相组分有Ｃａ２＋,Ｋ＋,Ｎａ＋,Ｍｇ２＋,Ｆｅ３＋,ＨＣＯ－３,ＳＯ２－４,Ｃｌ－,Ｆ－以及Ｃ２Ｈ６,不同的伟晶岩这些组分的相对含量有明显不同,表明这些伟晶岩具有不同的成因。     

光石汉含铀花岗伟晶岩成因探讨

本文研究了光石沟含铀花岗伟晶岩的构造环境、成岩物质来源和形成方式,并运用微量元素定量模型模拟了其形成过程。研究表明,花岗伟晶岩是在大陆火山弧环境,由８９．７％的秦岭群和１０．３％的上地幔物质,经３５％左右部分熔融形成的重熔岩浆结晶分异而成。     

硅铍钠石在水热条件下的形成

硅铍钠石(Na_2BeSi_2O_6),由于它极易溶解在HCl、HNO_3等酸性介质中,故自然界中极为少见。国外,在科拉半岛和格陵兰等少数地区发现有此矿物。天然硅铍钠石先见于科拉半岛的罗沃泽尔碱性岩体的方钠石正长伟晶岩和霞石正长伟晶岩中。有关硅铍钠石的矿物学特征曾有人做过一些研究。近年来,对其在水热条件下的合成实验也有少量报     

论花岗伟晶岩的成因和类型的划分

From years of experience with granite pegmatite, the authors note that granite pegmatite is of two different origins: magmatic differentiation autometasomatism and metamorphic differentiation. Granite pegmatites can be divided into nine types under four categories according to their formation mechanisms and the regularities of rare-metal evolution. Discussion is also given to the inheritance-development relationship between the various types of granite pegmatites, to the features of rare-metal mineralization and their spatial systematies of distribution.     

新疆阿尔泰3号伟晶岩脉碱的演化与地球化学阶段的划分

According to the evolution of alkali elements (e.g. K, Na, Li) and the relationship among them in the melt-solution of pegmatitic magma the author has divided the pegmatitic process of the vein No. 3 into three main geochemical stages associated with mineralization, i.v. K-Na, Na-Li and K stages. The above division scheme has been proved to be valid by field geological survey and the laboratory data on ther modynamic analyses. Additionally, .the related thermodynamic analyses are given herein on (1) the albitization of microcline formed at the earliest stage, (2) the hydrolysis of mierocline (greisenization), and (3) the formation and stability of spodumenes.     

深处岩浆分异与某地花岗伟晶岩的形成

Two stages of intrusion have been recognized for Paleozoic pegmatites in this district. The pegmatites occur as several thousands of dikes, with 84 per cent of them distributed within three “thickly concentrated areas”. Similar horizontal zoning, i.e.,from the parental granite outwards the pegmatites vary from type K through type Na to type Li, is observed within these “thickly concentrated areas”, which consist of pegmatites of different stages. Temporally, the pegmatites also evolve in the same sequence of types K-Na-Li, with a series of mineralized dikes produced during this process. The occurrence of this phenomenan is not accidental but a strong indication of deepseated magmatic differentiation. In nature, not all granitic magmatism can bring about pegatite emplacement,nor all the pegmatite dikes are of the same petrological character. These differences indicate that deep-seated magmatic differentiation must be controlled by some factors.It‘s development is believed to be dependent largely on the amounts of both parental and residual magmas and on the extent to which the pressure at their source region has been lowered by the intrusion of granite. The constant movement of the crust results in the continuous upward migration of differentiated magma, so as to promote the differentiation to a greater extent, thereby providing new source materials for subsequent intrusive activity. Such a continuous movement of opposites leads to the formation of a complete series of pegmatites, i.e., from biotite-microcline pegmatite to lepidolite-albite pegmatite, giving rise to the “thickly concentrated areas” as well as a series of mineralized veins.     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩中的电气石研究

电气石是南平伟晶岩和围岩中分布广泛的一种副矿物,根据化学成分,它们属于镁铁锂电气石亚族,其端员为铁(黑)电气石、镁电气石和锂电气石,其间还有一系列过渡矿物。南平伟晶岩中除未发现端员锂电气石外,其他端员及过渡系列电气石均十分发育,这在国内外同类伟晶岩中十分少见。不同成分电气石分布于不同类型伟晶岩及同一伟晶岩分异演化的不同阶段。本文在对电气石的化学成分、物理性质、产状等较详阐述基础上,对它们的演变规律及形成环境进行了讨论,这对于探讨南平伟晶岩的形成及寻找稀有金属伟晶岩有重要意义。     

135~130 Ma: 大别山第二次“去根”时间？

大别杂岩主要由早白垩世侵入岩和三叠纪变质岩组成。它的四周是四条区域性韧性剪切带:郯城—庐江断裂,商城—麻城断裂,襄樊—广济断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂。其中,晓天—磨子潭断裂和襄樊—广济断裂在早白垩世具有相反的走滑剪切方向:北侧的边界断裂(晓天—磨子潭断裂)是一个左行剪切断裂,而南侧的边界断裂(襄樊—广济断裂)是一个右行剪切断裂。在大别杂岩内部,早白垩世低角度剪切面理的倾伏向以SE向或NW向为主。这些晚期剪切面理上的拉伸线理的倾伏向同样为SE或NW向。大别杂岩总体具有朝SE向挤出和顶部相对朝NW向剪切的构造特征。这些表明晚中生代是该杂岩演化的重要阶段。该杂岩的边界断裂和内部构造特征指示其晚期抬升是沿造山带方向(SE—NW)以低角度方式进行的。这一过程直接导致高压-超高压变质岩和同构造岩浆岩被抬升至近地表。同时,年代学研究表明:大别杂岩(扬子板块东北缘地壳)在晚侏罗世—早白垩世经历大规模混合岩化的时间为145~135 Ma,同造山岩浆作用的时间为145~135 Ma,后造山火山-岩浆活动的时间为135~120 Ma。因此,该杂岩中三叠纪高压-超高压变质岩所记录的早白垩世抬升过程不是印支事件的后续,而是燕山期陆内造山及随后发生的伸展过程有关。尽管这一陆内造山事件的起始时间至今仍不确定,但大别山未变形岩体(130~120 Ma)的年代学研究结果和我们新测得的同构造伟晶岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄(130 Ma)为早白垩地壳变形提供了良好的上限制约。这样,大别山经历了三叠纪碰撞造山和伸展,晚侏罗世—早白垩世陆内造山-伸展二次过程。     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床地质特征与成因

福建南平钽铌矿是亚洲最大的花岗伟晶岩型钽铌矿床,也是中国钽铌金属矿的重要产地。南平钽铌矿在构造上位于闽西北隆起带东南缘,矿区内广泛发育有中—新元古界变质岩系。钽铌矿多呈脉体,沿变质岩系的片理或层理侵入,矿脉与围岩的关系清晰。这些脉体是在与加里东期花岗岩有成因联系的4类花岗伟晶岩分异—演化的基础上形成的。矿化伟晶岩中分带和交代蚀变作用均十分发育,稀土元素的矿化与伟晶熔体的结晶分异及后期热液蚀变作用有较密切的关系。稀土元素和磷酸盐矿物含量很多,这在国内外同类型伟晶岩中不常见。同时该地区也是新矿物——南平石的唯一产地。钽铌矿物是矿化伟晶岩中Ta和Nb元素的最主要载体,Ta含量大于Nb,还有其他可综合利用的稀土元素。闽西北地区具有进一步寻找此类型矿化伟晶岩的广阔前景。