耕地生态价值与保护

耕地是一种稀缺的自然资源,是人类生存和发展的重要物质基础,关系到粮食安全问题,影响到社会稳定和国家大局.耕地保护就是政府为了实现耕地的可持续利用,满足社会、经济可持续发展对耕地和耕地产品的需求,对耕地占有、使用、转移等作出限制,并采取经济、技术、法律、行政措施稳定和扩大耕地面积,改善地力和生态环境的行为.近年来,我国的经济建设在取得巨大成就的同时,耕地面积也在急剧减少,耕地保护的形势愈益严峻.     

Transformation of Carbon and Nitrogen by Earthworms in the Decomposition Processes of Broad-leaved Litters

Earthworms are the important constituents in the decayed food web and the main ecological conditioners in the process of decomposition and nutrient mineralization. The transformation of organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) in the broad-leaved litters ingested by earthworms was researched by means of a laboratory experiment. Experimental samples were collected from broad-leaved Korea Pine mixed forest in Liangshui National Natural Reserve (47°10′50″N, 128°53′20″E) in the northeastern Xiao Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China. The contents of organic C and total N in earthworms, leaf litters and earthworm faeces were analyzed. Results show that the organic C content was in the fol- lowing order: leaf litters>faeces>earthworms, while total N content was contrary to that of the organic C. The organic C contents in the different leaf litters were in the following order: Tilia amurensis>Betula costata>Acer mono, whereas the total N contents in the different leaf litters were: Betula costata>Tilia amurensis>Acer mono. The contents of organic C and total N in the faeces from the different leaf litters were almost consistent with the contents of the leaf litters. After the leaf litters were ingested by earthworms, the organic C, which was transformed to increase earthworms' weights, ac- counted for 3.90%-13.31% of the total ingestion by earthworms, while that in the earthworm faeces accounted for 6.14%-13.70%. The transformed organic C through the other metabolism (e.g., respiration) of earthworms accounted for 75.04%-89.92%. The ingested organic C by earthworms was mostly used for metabolic activities. The N ingested by earthworms was less than organic C. It is estimated that 37.08% of total N was transformed to increase the earthworm's weight, 19.97% into earthworm faeces and 47.86% for the consumption of the earthworm's activities. The earthworms not only increased the content of organic C and total N in the soil, but also decreased the values of C/N in the soil and leaf litters. Earthworms play a major role in the leaf litters' decomposition and transformation.     

怒江兰坪发现亚洲最大铅锌矿

近日,经过地质等部门多年的勘探结果,在怒江州兰坪县境内发现中国最大的铅锌矿,铅锌金属储量达到1500多万吨,潜在价值可达2000多亿元。按照目前的开采速度,可供开采100年的时间。据了解,该铅锌矿位于兰坪县城西北18km处,位于凤凰山矿脉上,矿床规模为特大型,它是目前亚洲最大的铅锌矿,是全球第四大的铅锌矿,探明铅＋锌金属储量1547．61万t,铅锌合计品位达9．44％。     

倾斜平面二维渗流与隧道涌水量计算基本理论

倾斜平面内的渗流问题在倾斜岩层与裂隙岩层地区,特别是在这类岩层地区开凿隧道、巷道等地下工程时是常见的。但是,这类问题的系统基本理论则很少见到,特别是将这类问题与隧道涌水量计算相联系的理论则更罕见。就此问题,给出了这类渗流问题的坐标系的选取与各种基本方程、定解条件、数学模型、隧道在倾斜剖面中的形体变态理论和两类隧道单宽涌水量的转化等较系统、较完整的一套基本理论。这些理论对实际工程和理论发展都有重要意义。     

步云山自然保护区生态功能价值研究

以可持续发展为目标,以生态学原理为标准,通过对保护区涵养水量、森林价值以及生态足迹三方面的研究和计算,系统分析了步云山自然保护区的生态功能,指出保护区在规划过程中存在的问题,提出相应解决办法的依据。     

云南省溶洞的景观价值概述

云南省的溶洞数量多分布广,但过去没有进行过系统的调查,对溶洞资源的分布及价值不清。1987年初,我站协助省建委城建处进行全省溶洞景观调查,笔者参加了该项工作,现就两年来的调查成果简要综述成此文。 (一)溶洞景观的分布及形成条件溶洞主要是岩溶作用的产物。云南省碳酸盐岩分布面积9.7万平方公里,占全省总面积的26％,尚有部份隐伏于深部。这就成为溶洞发育良好的前提。     

大气水—地表水—土壤水—地下水相互转化关系的试验研究

本文重点研究了有作物条件下不同供水农田的“四水”相互转化,突出了有作物条件下降水入渗、潜水蒸发的差异性,土壤水在农业生态环境中的重要性,为水资源多目标开发,探索新路子。