南海北缘新生代构造演化的深部制约(I):幔源包体

对南海北缘新生代玄武岩中幔源包体的研究揭示了该地区上地幔的不均一性和复杂的地幔过程。部分橄榄岩中单斜辉石(Cpx)具有极低的Ti含量(<160μg/g),这与这些样品中较高的Cpx含量(8%～12%)不匹配。主元素成分变化趋势以及Cpx中HREE分异现象,暗示该区上地幔经历了变压熔融。地幔熔融始于深部的石榴子石稳定区并延续到浅部的尖晶石稳定区(总熔融程度达23%)。这些熔融残余受到了硅酸盐和含水流体的交代。橄榄岩的微量元素组成指示南海北缘地幔具有大陆裂谷型地幔的特征,而与俯冲带之上的地幔楔或受俯冲作用影响的地幔有很大的差别。包体的平衡温度和橄榄石中Fo之间的负相关关系暗示岩石圈地幔具成分分层结构。该地幔的下部由大洋型橄榄岩组成,而地幔顶部为类似于太古宙-元古宙地幔的富斜方辉石方辉橄榄岩。这一岩石圈结构与该地区岩石圈的减薄和软流圈对老岩石圈的置换有关。深源岩石记录的信息支持南海海盆是陆缘扩张引起的主动盆地的观点。     

湖南七里坪－半边街镁质矽卡岩硼矿床微量元素地球化学

湖南七里坪－半边街接触交代型硼矿，矿体产于中石炭统壶天群白云岩与燕山期花岗岩接触带的矽卡岩中，产状受岩体顶板形态的控制，多为似层状、透镜状、囊状等。一般离岩体较远的部位硼矿石的品位较富，但靠近岩体的部位矿体较厚大。据微量元素相关系数聚类谱系图分析，Ｂ元素在岩体中呈分散状态，在高温热液中易于聚集，在矽卡岩中富集成矿，在蚀变的白云岩中有轻微的富集。     

Phlogopite-Amphibole-Pyroxenite Xenoliths in Langao,Shaanxi Province,China:evidence for Mantle Metasomatism

Phlogopite-amphibole-pyroxenite xenoliths contained in the alkali basic-ultrabasic subvolcanic complex in Langao, Shaanxi Province, are composed of diopside, Ti-rich pargasite, phlogopite apatite, sphene and ilmenite, which have subsolidus metamorphism-deformation textures such as triple-points, cataclastic boundaries and kink-bands. Mineral chemical characteristics show that the diposide, Ti-rich paragasite and phlogopite are derived from the mantle and are the products of mantle metasomatism. Compared with normal mantle-derived spinel-lherzolites, the xenoliths are enriched in TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, Na₂O and K₂O, with apparent depletion in MgO. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primordial-mantle normalized trace elements data show that they are enriched in REE (especially LREE) and incompatible trace elements. The petrographic, mineralogical and petrochemical characteristics indicate that the xenoliths are metasomatized mantle xenoliths, which offers the evidence for mantle metasomatism and represents the anomalous mantle beneath the Early Paleozoic rift in northern Daba Mountains. The agents of mantle metasomatism are probably derived from the rising of mantle hot plumes. The processes of metasomatism varied from limited-range fluid metasomatism in deep mantle (>90 km) to pervasive metasomatism of silicate melt. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49402035).     

福建宁德下洋伊利石矿矿床地质特征及成因探讨

宁德下洋伊利石矿呈脉状产出,贮存于晚侏罗世南园组火山碎屑岩石中,共发现有3个矿体。矿石可分为石英一伊利石型及叶蜡石伊利石型。矿体受北东向断裂控制,由火山碎屑岩经过热液交代形成。     

彬长矿区保水与采煤分析

通过对彬长矿区其地质条件、水文地质条件、覆岩结构类型的分析、以及综放开采覆岩破坏导水裂隙带高度的预计,确定了洛河砂砾岩含水层下防水煤岩柱留设的原则,通过对保护水资源重要性与采煤条件的分析,指出了在洛河砂砾岩含水层下采煤是目前彬长矿区在理论上和技术上亟待解决的突出难题之一。     

水晶屯金矿矿床地质特征及成因

下太古生界桑干群变质岩系地层为金矿床的原始矿源层,东西向的断裂构造为导矿构造,主断裂和伴生及派生的次一级断裂构造为金矿床的主要容矿构造,含金石英脉为矿床的主要矿石,经过对包裹体特征及同位索测试等的分析,认为水晶屯金矿矿床成因为变质热液中偏高温热液充填交代型矿床。     

Metasomatic Mechnanism of Weathering—Pedogenesis of Carbonate Rocks：I.Mineralogical and Micro—Textural Evidence

On the basis of mineralogical ,geochemical and micro-textural studies of the typical sections of the red weathering crust of carbonate rocks in the subtropical karst areas of Guizhou Province and Guangxi Autonomous Region,we have found,either on a microscopic or on a mac-roscopical scale and in different positions of the sections,the most direct and most important mineralogical and micro-textural evidence for the development of metasomatism in the process of weathering-pedogenesis of numerous carbonate rocks.This paper also has expounded for the first time and systematically the mechanism of metasomatism involved in the process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks and proposed the sequence of mineral metasomatic evolution in the process of weathering-pedogenesis of carbonate rocks.     

居隆庵铀矿床酸碱交代叠合成矿特征

坑道地质观测和取样研究表明,居隆庵铀矿床不仅发育酸交代型铀矿化,也普遍存在碱交代型铀矿化,而且碱交代早于酸交代,酸、碱交代型铀矿化在空间上叠合形成富矿。碱交代型矿化蚀变矿物组合为钠长石-赤铁矿-绿泥石-碳酸盐;酸交代型矿化蚀变矿物组合为萤石-伊利石-绿泥石-磷灰石。碱交代型矿石铀主要以分散吸附状态存在;酸交代型矿石铀主要存在于沥青铀矿中,少量存在于钛铀矿、铀(钍)石中。碱交代型矿石具有富Na、低K含量和LREEHREE等特点,矿化指示元素组合为U、Sr、W、Y、LREE、Yb、Th;酸交代型矿石有富F、S、P,HREELREE等特点,矿化指示元素组合为U、P、Sb、W、Yb、Lu、Th、Y、HREE、Mo、Cd、Pb。     

安徽贵池铜山矽卡岩型铜矿床蚀变矿化分带特征及其成因

铜山矽卡岩型铜矿床产于长江中下游铁铜成矿带中的安庆—贵池矿集区。研究区矽卡岩化与矿化发生于碳酸盐岩地层与花岗闪长斑岩间的接触带中,蚀变及矿化具有水平与垂向分带特征。水平方向上,靠近岩体的矽卡岩中石榴子石含量较高,远离岩体的矽卡岩中透辉石含量较高;靠近大理岩带发育钙铁辉石矽卡岩,远离大理岩带的灰岩硅化较强。垂向上,从上到下依次为角岩带、钙质矽卡岩带和镁质矽卡岩带。矿物成分研究表明,靠近岩体处氧化性较强,石榴子石的钙铁榴石端员含量高;铜多富集于含石英脉的岩体、距岩体略远的矽卡岩、角岩或大理岩中,而锌多富集于硅化灰岩及远离岩体的矽卡岩中。研究表明,该矿床中蚀变矿化经历了进变期和退变期,包括接触热变质阶段、进化交代阶段和早退化蚀变阶段、晚退化蚀变阶段。其中,大规模的黄铜矿化主要发生于早退化蚀变阶段,且在岩浆演化晚期进一步富集于斑岩石英脉中。     

沂蒙矿种新成员——新矿物钙沂蒙矿亚种的发现及产出特征

沂蒙矿是中国1980年发现的新矿物,采用电子探针对采自山东蒙阴金伯利岩胜利一号小岩管中的沂蒙矿类矿物进行了分析,确定了沂蒙矿的Ca端元矿物--钙沂蒙矿(暂定名),是又一个被确定的新矿物.该新矿物简化的矿物化学式为:Ca0.5～1.0(Fe,Mg,Cr,Ti)14～15O19.钙沂蒙矿与(K)沂蒙矿、富钡沂蒙矿共生,沿镁钛矿-尖晶石出溶体呈板片状条带分布,均为交代成因.3种不同成分的沂蒙矿颗粒均十分细小,颗粒总数达100粒左右,但钙沂蒙矿产出不多.与其他沂蒙矿不同,钙沂蒙矿在结晶学A位置上几乎全为Ca,少有其他大阳离子;在结晶学B位置上二价阳离子(Fe2 、Mg)占三分之二.最后从沂蒙矿晶体结构的角度讨论了钙沂蒙矿在自然界不易产出的原因.