西秦岭李坝金矿蚀变岩的地质地球化学特征

李坝浊积岩型金矿床赋存于西秦岭北带中泥盆统李坝群浊积岩建造中，赋矿围岩蚀变主要为黑云母化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、硅化和碳酸盐化，且蚀变分带明显。通过对该矿床各种蚀变岩的常量元素，、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征研究，探讨了元素在碱交代－K交代及酸交代过程中的地球化学行为。结果表明，SiO2含量，Fe2O3含量，LREE／HREE，∑LREE,(La/Lu)cn,(La/Sm)cn,(Tb/Yb)cn及微量元素的含量等随着K交代作用强度的增强，显示出规律性的变化。最后讨论了K交代作用及酸交代作用与金矿化之间的关系。     

上地幔流体的性质和作用——从女山幔源二辉橄榄岩捕虏体获得的证据

玄武岩浆从地幔深处挟带上来的超镁铁质捕虏体含有地幔流体的直接证据,它们对于阐明地幔深部地质作用(部分熔融作用、地幔交代作用)的机制十分重要。女山幔源二辉橄榄岩的研究结果表明,初始的地幔流体除富含CO_2外,尚含有H_2O和少量CO、CH_4、SO_2、C1、F。地幔中的初始流体(挥发组分)在源部是溶解于地幔橄揽岩的高压固体矿物相中,它们在地幔上隆减压时出溶,形成细小的最早期流体包裹体。这些自由流体相在一定部应聚集,使得地幔固相线(和液相线)下降,引起上地幔发生减压部分熔融。初始的部分熔融主要发生于矿物边界,以单斜辉石最易遭受,形成矿物边缘的海绵状部分熔融带。当地幔剪切流动时,初始的部分熔融体珠滴联合成大的珠滴,并开始渗透,在变形橄榄岩中相连成脉状网络,晚期含C0_2岩浆包裹体及填隙玻璃即为其代表。由于剪裂作用,熔体(和流体)压裂开上覆橄榄岩,产生岩墙状通道,并在上地幔的某些低压区聚集成岩浆库。流体和熔体均为地幔交代作用的介质。在流体参与下,上地幔低度部分熔融产生的熔体将高度富集不相容元素。这些熔体和流体与亏损地幔间的相互作用,可以带来不相容元素重大的局部富集。当流体(和熔体)中H_2O浓度低时,仅发生隐交代作用;当H_2O浓度较高时,部分熔融程度也较高,相应有含水相(如角闪石等)成核,出现矿物交代作用。     

缅甸硬玉岩区的硬玉化绿辉石岩

绿辉石岩是缅甸硬玉岩区一种新的岩石类型,普遍遭受多期次硬玉化.未发生硬玉化的绿辉石含较高TFeO和CaO,但较低的MgO,按化学成分分类部分已属霓石-普通辉石系列的中间相.这种绿辉石很可能是硬玉质的流体/熔体交代地幔辉石岩类的产物,与主期大规模硬玉岩的结晶、钠质-钠钙质角闪石边和钠铬辉石的形成同期或稍后,是该区第Ⅰ期的硬玉化.沿绿辉石的解理或裂隙交代并伴有充填的硬玉是在相对拉张的构造背景下形成的,是该区第Ⅱ期的硬玉化.切割早期绿辉石和硬玉的充填硬玉细脉可能是最晚一期的硬玉化.硬玉化绿辉石岩的结构与显微构造特征指示了在缅甸硬玉岩区,至少存在不少于3期的硬玉化的交代充填作用.文中讨论了硬玉化物质的可能来源,认为其可能与俯冲板片上的沉积物有密切关系.     

阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带OIB和MORB的地球化学及空间分布特征: 玛积雪山古洋脊热点构造证据

阿尼玛卿蛇绿岩带晚古生代镁铁质火山岩以OIB, E-MORB和N-MORB组合为特征. 与世界典型的同类岩石相比, 这些岩石类型总体上表现为较低的Ce/Pb和Nb/U值, 少量岩石具有Nb的亏损和Pb的富集. OIB的(La/Yb)_N = 5~20, N-MORB的(La/Yb)_N = 0.41~0.5. OIB显示了典型洋岛玄武岩的不相容元素富集特点, N-MORB则具明显的亏损性质, E-MORB介于两者之间. 这些岩石围绕玛积雪山厚度较大的OIB熔岩和辉长岩向东西两侧呈现过渡关系, 即由德尔尼的N-MORB, OIB和E-MORB组合到玛积雪山的OIB向西又复为布青山的N-MORB, OIB和E-MORB. 从岩石类型组合和空间分布特征、玛积雪山的岩石厚度并结合OIB与MORB地球化学特征及推断的源区交代关系分析, 玛积雪山可能代表了古地幔柱沿洋中脊形成的洋脊热点构造或洋中脊岛, 极类似于今天的冰岛热点构造.     

四川渠县浅层杂卤石矿分布特征及其成因和意义

渠县浅层杂卤石矿分布于华蓥山背斜北倾没端的下中三叠统之硬石膏层中。杂卤石矿体呈透镜体状分布,伴有多钙钾石膏,为交代作用形成。杂卤石具有资源及固态可溶性钾盐找矿的指示意义。     

贵州遵义县团溪一带锰矿成因之商榷

黔北遵义县东南团溪一带出产锰矿,年来由迁建委员会及渝鑫公司等分别开采,产量虽属无多,但以距渝非远,在川黔缺乏锰矿之区,亦足以供应各炼钢厂需?之大部,为国防生产     

六二一热液钠交代型铀矿床近矿围岩蚀变中铁的性状

六二一矿床的近矿围岩遭受了强烈的碱性蚀变作用，主要有钠长石化、铁白云石化、红化及黑化(铁绿泥石化)。作为变价元素和色素离子的铁在交代作用中是非常活泼的，本文从研究近矿围岩蚀变过程中铁的化学组分和矿物组分变化人手，探讨了蚀变晕圈中     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷铜体庙组-南屯组储层次生孔隙成因及意义

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷白垩系南屯组和铜体庙组凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰岩储层是该区主要产层。油气储集空间以次生孔隙为主。大量碱性矿物组合如柯绿泥石、钠板石、碳钠铝石、方沸石、绿磷石、铈褐帘石、铁绿泥石等的存在,证明发生了大规模碱性溶解和交代作用。晶屑、玻屑、长石和粘土等填隙物均发生不同程度的溶解现象。研究表明,次生孔隙是凝灰质储层大规模碱交代作用的结果,预示盆地深部存在油气储集空间并富集油气。     

Geological Relationships Between the Intrusions,Country Rocks,and Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfides of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region:Implications for the Roles of Sulfide Differentiation and Metasomatism in Their Genesis

The Ni-Cu-platinum group element sulfide ore deposits of the Kharaelakh Intrusion,Noril′sk Region,Siberia,represent a large concentration of sulfides associated with a small differentiated intrusion formed at the edge of the Siberian Craton in the roots of the Siberian Trap flood basalt.The deposit is associated with an intrusion that occupies a flanking periclinal structure adjacent to the Noril′sk-Kharaelakh Fault.The intrusion is strongly differentiated and comprises taxitic gabbrodolerites,picritic gabbrodolerites,and gabbrodolerites within the main body which in turn forms a chonolith within a sheet-like intrusion that extends laterally to form extensive undifferentiated sills of gabbrodolerite.The intrusion substantially replaces the stratigraphy of the country rocks,and although it appears to have exploited the axis of structures developed in response to transtension,the intrusion has created space by both mechanical dilation of stratigraphy and magmatic replacement of pre-existing sedimentary rocks.The frontal lobes of the main intrusion have complex apophyses of gabrodolerite on a range of scales that demonstrate replacement of the sedimentary rocks and link to the development of an extensive metamorphic halo in the country rocks.This halo is much narrower over the main body of the intrusion,and these observations have implications for the thermal history of the intrusion.Mg-skarns and breccias are developed in the roof of the main body of the intrusion.Within the intrusion,the taxitic rocks contain vesicles and the blebby sulfides developed in the picritic and taxitic gabbrodolerites appear to have a linkage to volatile phases.Cuprous sulfide mineralization developed at the roof of the Kharaelakh Intrusion is associated with metamorphosed and skarn-bearing country rocks,and appears to have been generated by a combination of sulfide fractionation and associated metasomatism.The geological relationships appear consistent with a chonolith model for the development of the differentiated intrusion and mineralization,but the extent of metasmorphism of the country rocks appears to be related to the unusual thickness of gabbrodolerite apophyses at the flanks of the intrusion rather than metamorphism produced by the passage of mafic magma through the intrusion.Variations in disseminated sulfide compositions and metasomatic textures in the skarns are described,and a model is proposed which balances traditional views on the evolution of the magma conduits with the impact of magmatic fluids transported through the magma column(i.e.transmagmatic fluids).The importance of structures in controlling the nature of the conduit,and the resultant small intrusions with excess sulfide is a feature of many other Ni-Cu sulfide deposits including Voisey′s Bay,and it is suggested that the sulfides are more likely to have beentransported from depth into their final resting place rather than developed by in-situ equilibration of sulfide with fresh magma in the chonolith.