论层序地层学与含油气系统在油气勘探中的联系——以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例

虽然层序地层学与含油气系统理论的各自研究对象和研究方法不同，但由于层序地层学研究对象(沉积岩)是含油气系统研究对象(油气)的载体，二者可以由含油气盆地分析有机的结合起来。层序地层分析包含了对含油气系统的地质要素及成藏作用载体的分析，因而沉积层序的组成单元与含油气系统的地质要素有必然的联系：在一个沉积盆地的数个沉积层序中，成熟烃源岩往往是地史中具一定埋深、分布广、厚度大、有机质含量高的凝缩层，这个凝缩层往往是一个构造超层序的最大海(湖)泛面；储集岩往往是成熟烃源岩之上层序的低水位体系域或紧邻成熟烃源岩的高水位体系域；有效盖层为储集岩之上层序的水进体系域及凝缩层；成熟烃源岩之上的沉积层序为上覆岩层；低水位体系域储集岩有可能沿上倾方向尖灭，被层序界面及其上层序的水进体系域岩性圈闭；除构造裂缝外，低水位体系域下切谷可作为油气向上运移通道；一个含油气系统往往跨越不同的沉积层序甚至构造超层序。     

古生界海相成油理论

康玉柱等经过“七五”、“八五”科技攻关。研究总结了塔里木盆地和国内有代表性古生界油气田成藏特征，于1992年首次建立了我国古生代海相成油理论。“九五”以来，这一理论又进一步得到了充实。主要内容可归纳为以下七个方面。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组油藏富集特点及勘探潜力

三叠系延长组是鄂尔多斯盆地的主力含油层系，自上而下共分五段10个油层组，主力油层组为长6层、长8层。可划分为东北部的三角洲沉积体系域和西南部的水下沉积体系域，它们均由若干个三角洲沉积体系组成。沉积相类型划分为湖泊相、三角洲相、河流相以及冲积-洪积扇四大类，并进一步划分出8种亚相和lO种徽相。廷长组中、下段半深湖-深湖相暗色泥岩、油页岩为主要烃源岩。尤其是长7层；储层物性在纵向上廷长组上部优于下部，在平面上盆地东北部优于西南部。早白垩世为主要生排油时期，晚白垩世之后进入二次运移改造阶段。地层超压是石油二次运移的重要动力；叠置砂体及断裂构造是二次运移的主要通道。沉积相带控制下的地层岩性变化所形成的岩性圈闭是延长组油田主要圈闭类型，其他的还有构造-岩性圈闭、成岩圈闭等。有利生油岩发育区是控制油田分布的重要因素，延长组生烃中心的长轴NW-SE向延伸，在其东北及西南两侧石油聚集强度最大。大型湖泊三角洲分流河道、三角洲前缘河口坝砂体是石油勘探的主要目标。     

东津-杭口盆地震旦、寒武系碳硅泥岩型铀、金矿化控制因素及定位条件浅析

本文论述了产于东津—杭口盆地震旦、寒武系碳硅泥岩型地层组合中的铀、金矿化严格受地层层位和构造迭加的联合控制，具体的赋矿部位就是两者定位条件复合最好的部位，并由此阐述了本区地质热事件的发育程度及其对本区铀、金矿化形成规模的影响。     

APPLICATION OF SOME MECHANICAL CONCEPTS TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

This paper discusses some mechanical concepts that have been largely applied to structural geology and tectonics, and addresses the problems and misunderstandings in use of these mechanical terms. The purpose is to stimulate the interests for structural geologists in using the mechanical principles and methods correctly to solve the geodynamic problems.     

POSITIVE INVERSION STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE BELT IN TURPAN-HAMI BASIN

The central structure belt in Turpan-Hami basin is composed of the Huoyanshan structure and Qiketai structure formed in late Triassic-early Jurassic, and is characterized by extensional tectonics. The thickness of strata in the hanging wall of the growth fault is obviously larger than that in the footwall, and a deposition center was evolved in the Taibei sag where the hanging wall of the fault is located. In late Jurassic the collision between Lhasa block and Eurasia continent resulted in the transformation of the Turpan-Hami basin from an extensional structure into a compressional structure, and consequently in the tectonic inversion of the central structure belt of the Turpan-Hami basin from the extensional normal fault in the earlier stage to the compressive thrust fault in the later stage. The Tertiary collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate occurred around 55Ma, and this Himalayan orogenic event has played a profound role in shaping the Tianshan area, only the effect of the collision to this area was delayed since it culminated here approximately in late Oligocene-early Miocene. The central structure belt was strongly deformed and thrusted above the ground as a result of this tectonic event.     

阿卡耶夫:费尔干纳盆地面临核废料泄漏威胁

阿拉木图2002年10月9日电比什凯克消息:吉尔吉斯斯坦总统阿卡耶夫8日在首都比什凯克说,如不及时采取防范措施,随时可能发生的核废料泄漏事故将给位于吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦和乌兹别克斯坦3国交界处的费尔干纳盆地及附近地区带来严重的生态灾难. 据国际文传电讯社报道,阿卡耶夫在当天开幕的吉尔吉斯斯坦援助国咨询大会上说,50年前原苏联在吉境内的费尔于纳盆地建立了大型铀矿生产基地,生产过程中出现的大量核废料被就地掩埋,目前吉境内共有核废料填埋场23处,掩埋放射性物质220万m3.随着时间的推移,填埋场因年久失修安全系数大大降低,核废料随时都可能大量泄漏.     

Regional Fault Systems of Qaidam Basin and Adjacent Orogenic Belts

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the regional fault systems of Qaidam basin and ad-jacent orogenic belts. Field investigation and seismic interpretation indicate that five regional fault sys-tans occurred in the Qaidam and adjacent nment.qin belts, controlling the development and evolution of the Qaidam basin. These fault systems are: (1)north Qaidam-Qilian Mountain fault system; (2) south Qaidam-East Kunhm Mountain fault system;（3）Altun strike-slip fault system; (4) Elashan strike-slip fault system, and (5) Gansen-Xiaochaidan fault system. It is indicated that the fault systems controlled the orientation of the Qaidam basin, the formation and distribution of secondary faults within the basin,the migration of depocenters and the distribution of hydrocarbon accmnulation belt.     

渤海湾盆地区燕山期构造特征与原型盆地

结合近几年来渤海湾盆地区深层地震勘探与解释的成果，重点论述了渤海湾盆地区燕山期构造特征与盆地原型，提出燕山期构造变形样式总体在纵向上可分为三个构造层，分别称为上部、中部和下部；横向上总体可分为三个构造带，西部为向西逆冲的薄皮逆冲带，中部为冲断—走滑带，东部为厚皮褶皱—冲断带，主体由两期挤压方向皆为NW—SE向的褶皱—逆冲变形形成；并将其演化分为三个阶段：燕山早期、燕山中期和燕山晚期。但是，渤海湾盆地区燕山期的构造变形特征和原型盆地有所变化，其空间上的差异是基底构造格局及其空间差异叠合的结果。综合其它研究结果还表明，渤海湾盆地区燕山期构造是在西太平洋大陆边缘弧的挤压构造背景下，陆内壳下拆沉和壳内挤出逃逸构造的综合动力作用下形成的。